Question 51
During which phase do homologous chromosomes separate?
A) Anaphase I
B) Anaphase II
C) Telophase I
D) Metaphase II
Answer: A) Anaphase I
Explanation: During Anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
Question 52
What is the primary role of RNA primers in DNA replication?
A) To synthesize DNA
B) To provide a starting point for DNA polymerase
C) To unwind the DNA double helix
D) To stabilize single-stranded DNA
Answer: B) To provide a starting point for DNA polymerase
Explanation: RNA primers are short strands that provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin DNA synthesis.
Question 53
Which phase of the cell cycle is the longest?
A) G1 Phase
B) S Phase
C) G2 Phase
D) M Phase
Answer: A) G1 Phase
Explanation: The G1 phase is often the longest phase, during which the cell grows and carries out normal functions.
Question 54
In which phase of the cell cycle does the cell ensure that DNA replication has occurred without errors?
A) G1 Phase
B) S Phase
C) G2 Phase
D) M Phase
Answer: C) G2 Phase
Explanation: The G2 phase includes checkpoints that assess whether DNA has been accurately replicated before the cell enters mitosis.
Question 55
What are the end products of meiosis I?
A) Two diploid cells
B) Four haploid cells
C) Two haploid cells
D) One diploid cell
Answer: C) Two haploid cells
Explanation: Meiosis I results in two haploid cells, each containing one set of chromosomes, as homologous chromosomes are separated.
Question 56
What happens to the DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle?
A) It is transcribed into RNA.
B) It is replicated.
C) It is repaired.
D) It is condensed.
Answer: B) It is replicated.
Explanation: During the S phase, the entire DNA content of the cell is duplicated in preparation for cell division.
Question 57
How does the cell cycle ensure proper chromosome segregation?
A) By increasing the number of centrioles
B) By using checkpoints to detect errors
C) By promoting uncontrolled cell division
D) By eliminating all checkpoints
Answer: B) By using checkpoints to detect errors
Explanation: The cell cycle employs checkpoints to monitor for errors, ensuring proper chromosome segregation during cell division.
Question 58
What occurs during cytokinesis in animal cells?
A) A cell plate forms.
B) Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
C) A cleavage furrow forms and the cell pinches apart.
D) Homologous chromosomes are separated.
Answer: C) A cleavage furrow forms and the cell pinches apart.
Explanation: In animal cells, cytokinesis involves the formation of a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell membrane to separate the daughter cells.
Question 59
Which of the following statements about cancer is true?
A) Cancer cells have normal cell cycle regulation.
B) Cancer cells typically have a higher number of chromosomes.
C) Cancer cells do not undergo apoptosis.
D) Cancer cells are all identical.
Answer: C) Cancer cells do not undergo apoptosis.
Explanation: Cancer cells often evade apoptosis, allowing them to survive and proliferate despite being damaged or dysfunctional.
Question 60
In meiosis, what is the term for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?
A) Independent assortment
B) Crossing over
C) Segregation
D) Recombination
Answer: B) Crossing over
Explanation: Crossing over is the process where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity in gametes.
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