Question 41
What is a key feature of meiosis II compared to meiosis I?
A) It involves crossing over.
B) It results in the separation of homologous chromosomes.
C) It results in the separation of sister chromatids.
D) It occurs only in diploid cells.
Answer: C) It results in the separation of sister chromatids.
Explanation: Meiosis II is similar to mitosis, where sister chromatids are separated, whereas meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes.
Question 42
Which phase is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the equatorial plane?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
Answer: B) Metaphase
Explanation: During metaphase, chromosomes are aligned at the cell’s equatorial plane, preparing for separation.
Question 43
What happens during the G1 checkpoint?
A) DNA replication is checked for errors.
B) The cell assesses its size and nutrient availability.
C) Chromosomes condense.
D) The nuclear envelope breaks down.
Answer: B) The cell assesses its size and nutrient availability.
Explanation: The G1 checkpoint ensures the cell is adequately prepared for DNA synthesis, checking size and nutrient status.
Question 44
In which type of cells does binary fission occur?
A) Plant cells
B) Animal cells
C) Prokaryotic cells
D) Fungal cells
Answer: C) Prokaryotic cells
Explanation: Binary fission is the asexual reproduction process used by prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, to divide.
Question 45
Which process increases genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms?
A) Mitosis
B) Cytokinesis
C) Meiosis
D) Binary fission
Answer: C) Meiosis
Explanation: Meiosis introduces genetic variation through processes like crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes.
Question 46
What is the main function of the mitotic spindle?
A) To condense chromatin
B) To facilitate organelle replication
C) To segregate chromosomes during cell division
D) To synthesize DNA
Answer: C) To segregate chromosomes during cell division
Explanation: The mitotic spindle is crucial for the accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.
Question 47
Which of the following structures holds sister chromatids together?
A) Spindle fibers
B) Kinetochore
C) Centromere
D) Chromatin
Answer: C) Centromere
Explanation: The centromere is the region of the chromosome that holds sister chromatids together until they are separated during cell division.
Question 48
In what phase does the nuclear envelope disintegrate?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
Answer: A) Prophase
Explanation: The nuclear envelope breaks down during prophase, allowing spindle fibers to access the chromosomes.
Question 49
What is the role of telomeres?
A) To assist in DNA replication
B) To protect the ends of chromosomes from degradation
C) To regulate the cell cycle
D) To bind to spindle fibers
Answer: B) To protect the ends of chromosomes from degradation
Explanation: Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from deterioration and prevent fusion with other chromosomes.
Question 50
Which of the following is a feature of cancer cells?
A) Controlled growth
B) Limited division
C) Anchorage dependence
D) Loss of contact inhibition
Answer: D) Loss of contact inhibition
Explanation: Cancer cells often lose contact inhibition, allowing them to grow uncontrollably and invade surrounding tissues.
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