MCQ 91:
What is the primary role of the ciliated epithelium in the respiratory tract?
A) To facilitate gas exchange
B) To produce surfactant
C) To trap and move mucus and debris
D) To regulate airflow
Answer: C) To trap and move mucus and debris
Explanation: Ciliated epithelium helps trap particles and pathogens in mucus and moves them out of the respiratory tract towards the throat for clearance.
MCQ 92:
Which condition is characterized by the irreversible dilation of the bronchi?
A) Asthma
B) Bronchiectasis
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Pneumonia
Answer: B) Bronchiectasis
Explanation: Bronchiectasis is a condition that involves the permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung, often due to infection or obstruction.
MCQ 93:
What is the term for the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing?
A) Tidal volume
B) Vital capacity
C) Expiratory reserve volume
D) Inspiratory reserve volume
Answer: A) Tidal volume
Explanation: Tidal volume is the volume of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath during normal respiration.
MCQ 94:
Which structure prevents the collapse of the trachea?
A) Bronchi
B) Alveoli
C) Cartilaginous rings
D) Pleura
Answer: C) Cartilaginous rings
Explanation: The trachea is supported by C-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep it open and prevent collapse.
MCQ 95:
Which of the following is a sign of respiratory distress?
A) Regular heart rate
B) Shallow breathing
C) Increased energy levels
D) High blood pressure
Answer: B) Shallow breathing
Explanation: Shallow breathing is a common sign of respiratory distress, indicating inadequate ventilation or gas exchange.
MCQ 96:
What is the effect of asthma on the airways?
A) Widening of the airways
B) Inflammation and constriction of the airways
C) Complete blockage of the airways
D) Thickening of the alveolar walls
Answer: B) Inflammation and constriction of the airways
Explanation: Asthma is characterized by inflammation and constriction of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing.
MCQ 97:
What is the primary function of the pleural fluid?
A) To facilitate gas exchange
B) To provide lubrication for lung movement
C) To trap pathogens
D) To maintain blood pressure
Answer: B) To provide lubrication for lung movement
Explanation: Pleural fluid acts as a lubricant, allowing the lungs to move smoothly against the chest wall during respiration.
MCQ 98:
Which of the following statements about the trachea is correct?
A) It is a muscular tube.
B) It has complete cartilage rings.
C) It connects the larynx to the bronchi.
D) It is lined with simple squamous epithelium.
Answer: C) It connects the larynx to the bronchi.
Explanation: The trachea is a tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi, allowing air to pass into the lungs.
MCQ 99:
What is the primary control center for voluntary breathing?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Pons
D) Cerebrum
Answer: D) Cerebrum
Explanation: The cerebrum is involved in voluntary control of breathing, while the medulla oblongata controls involuntary breathing.
MCQ 100:
What is a common complication of chronic bronchitis?
A) Lung cancer
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Heart failure
D) Pneumothorax
Answer: C) Heart failure
Explanation: Chronic bronchitis can lead to right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale) due to increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation.
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