MCQ 80:
The primary function of the larynx is to:
A) Filter inhaled air
B) Produce sound
C) Facilitate gas exchange
D) Control breathing rate
Answer: B) Produce sound
Explanation: The larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is primarily responsible for sound production and protecting the airway during swallowing.
MCQ 81:
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the destruction of alveoli and loss of elastic recoil?
A) Asthma
B) Emphysema
C) Chronic bronchitis
D) Pneumonia
Answer: B) Emphysema
Explanation: Emphysema is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that involves the destruction of alveolar walls, leading to reduced gas exchange and loss of lung elasticity.
MCQ 82:
What does the term “dyspnea” refer to?
A) Abnormal lung sounds
B) Difficulty breathing
C) Coughing up blood
D) Rapid breathing
Answer: B) Difficulty breathing
Explanation: Dyspnea is the medical term used to describe difficulty or labored breathing.
MCQ 83:
Which structure is responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs?
A) Trachea
B) Bronchi
C) Alveoli
D) Larynx
Answer: C) Alveoli
Explanation: Alveoli are the small air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
MCQ 84:
What is the role of hemoglobin in respiration?
A) To transport carbon dioxide only
B) To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
C) To regulate blood pH
D) To enhance the diffusion of gases
Answer: B) To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Explanation: Hemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs for transport to tissues and carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.
MCQ 85:
Which of the following is a common cause of restrictive lung disease?
A) Asthma
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Emphysema
D) Chronic bronchitis
Answer: B) Cystic fibrosis
Explanation: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and leads to the production of thick mucus, resulting in restrictive lung disease.
MCQ 86:
What is the significance of the respiratory rate in assessing health?
A) It indicates the efficiency of the circulatory system.
B) It reflects metabolic activity in the body.
C) It determines lung capacity.
D) It indicates the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.
Answer: B) It reflects metabolic activity in the body.
Explanation: The respiratory rate can be an indicator of the body’s metabolic demands and overall health, particularly during exercise or illness.
MCQ 87:
What is the primary purpose of the epiglottis?
A) To filter air
B) To produce sound
C) To prevent food from entering the trachea
D) To facilitate gas exchange
Answer: C) To prevent food from entering the trachea
Explanation: The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food and liquid from entering the airway.
MCQ 88:
Which of the following describes the term “hypoxia”?
A) Increased levels of carbon dioxide
B) Decreased levels of oxygen
C) Elevated breathing rate
D) Fluid accumulation in the lungs
Answer: B) Decreased levels of oxygen
Explanation: Hypoxia refers to a deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues.
MCQ 89:
During expiration, which of the following occurs?
A) The diaphragm contracts
B) The volume of the thoracic cavity increases
C) The intercostal muscles relax
D) Air is drawn into the lungs
Answer: C) The intercostal muscles relax
Explanation: During expiration, the intercostal muscles relax, leading to a decrease in thoracic cavity volume and allowing air to be expelled from the lungs.
MCQ 90:
Which gas law describes the solubility of a gas in a liquid?
A) Boyle’s law
B) Charles’s law
C) Henry’s law
D) Dalton’s law
Answer: C) Henry’s law
Explanation: Henry’s law states that the amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid.
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