MCQ 61:
In which part of the brain is the respiratory control center located?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Pons
Answer: C) Medulla oblongata
Explanation: The medulla oblongata contains the primary respiratory control centers, regulating the rhythm and rate of breathing.
MCQ 62:
The condition where the alveoli are filled with fluid, leading to impaired gas exchange, is known as:
A) Asthma
B) Bronchitis
C) Pneumonia
D) Emphysema
Answer: C) Pneumonia
Explanation: Pneumonia causes inflammation of the alveoli and can fill them with fluid or pus, impairing gas exchange.
MCQ 63:
Which structure serves as the primary site for the filtration of inhaled air?
A) Lungs
B) Nasal cavity
C) Trachea
D) Pharynx
Answer: B) Nasal cavity
Explanation: The nasal cavity serves as the primary filtration system for inhaled air, trapping dust and pathogens through mucus and cilia.
MCQ 64:
What is the most common cause of respiratory acidosis?
A) Hyperventilation
B) Hypoventilation
C) Excessive exercise
D) Exposure to cold air
Answer: B) Hypoventilation
Explanation: Hypoventilation leads to an accumulation of carbon dioxide, resulting in respiratory acidosis due to decreased blood pH.
MCQ 65:
The term “atelectasis” refers to:
A) Inflammation of the lungs
B) Collapse of part or all of a lung
C) Excess fluid in the lungs
D) Narrowing of the airways
Answer: B) Collapse of part or all of a lung
Explanation: Atelectasis is a condition characterized by the collapse of lung tissue, leading to reduced gas exchange.
MCQ 66:
What is the purpose of the respiratory mucosa?
A) To facilitate gas exchange
B) To trap and clear pathogens
C) To produce surfactant
D) To regulate blood flow
Answer: B) To trap and clear pathogens
Explanation: The respiratory mucosa produces mucus that traps dust and pathogens, which are then moved out of the airways by cilia.
MCQ 67:
What is the main action of the diaphragm during inhalation?
A) It relaxes.
B) It contracts.
C) It flattens.
D) It elevates the ribs.
Answer: B) It contracts.
Explanation: During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing the thoracic cavity’s volume and drawing air into the lungs.
MCQ 68:
Which type of respiration involves the use of oxygen by cells to produce energy?
A) External respiration
B) Internal respiration
C) Cellular respiration
D) Alveolar respiration
Answer: C) Cellular respiration
Explanation: Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy (ATP) and release carbon dioxide as a byproduct.
MCQ 69:
What is the primary cause of asthma attacks?
A) Air pollution
B) Allergens
C) Exercise
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Asthma attacks can be triggered by various factors, including air pollution, allergens, and exercise.
MCQ 70:
Which part of the respiratory system is primarily responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying air?
A) Alveoli
B) Bronchi
C) Nasal cavity
D) Trachea
Answer: C) Nasal cavity
Explanation: The nasal cavity plays a crucial role in filtering, warming, and humidifying the air before it reaches the lungs.
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