MCQ 51:
What is the primary purpose of using a vaccine?
A) To treat diseases
B) To prevent infections
C) To enhance immunity
D) To diagnose conditions
Answer: B) To prevent infections
Explanation: Vaccines are designed to stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens, thereby preventing infections.
MCQ 52:
Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome?
A) rRNA
B) tRNA
C) mRNA
D) siRNA
Answer: C) mRNA
Explanation: Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.
MCQ 53:
What is the role of the Taq polymerase in PCR?
A) To degrade DNA
B) To synthesize DNA
C) To unwind DNA
D) To ligate DNA fragments
Answer: B) To synthesize DNA
Explanation: Taq polymerase is a heat-stable enzyme used in PCR to synthesize new DNA strands during the amplification process.
MCQ 54:
What does the term “gene expression” refer to?
A) The synthesis of DNA from RNA
B) The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, usually a protein
C) The replication of genetic material
D) The mutation of a gene
Answer: B) The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, usually a protein
Explanation: Gene expression encompasses the processes of transcription and translation, resulting in the production of proteins.
MCQ 55:
Which of the following methods is used for the separation of DNA fragments based on size?
A) Polymerase chain reaction
B) Gel electrophoresis
C) Sanger sequencing
D) CRISPR-Cas9
Answer: B) Gel electrophoresis
Explanation: Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size when an electric current is applied to a gel matrix.
MCQ 56:
Which of the following processes involves the use of viruses to deliver genetic material into cells?
A) Transfection
B) Transformation
C) Transduction
D) Cloning
Answer: C) Transduction
Explanation: Transduction is the process of transferring genetic material into cells using viruses, commonly used in gene therapy and genetic engineering.
MCQ 57:
What is the purpose of a DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis?
A) To amplify DNA
B) To visualize DNA fragments
C) To serve as a size marker for comparing fragment sizes
D) To cut DNA fragments
Answer: C) To serve as a size marker for comparing fragment sizes
Explanation: A DNA ladder contains fragments of known sizes and is used as a reference to estimate the sizes of unknown DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis.
MCQ 58:
Which technique is commonly used to determine the specific sequence of a DNA molecule?
A) Gel electrophoresis
B) Sanger sequencing
C) PCR
D) Southern blotting
Answer: B) Sanger sequencing
Explanation: Sanger sequencing is the most widely used method for determining the exact nucleotide sequence of DNA.
MCQ 59:
What is the role of a promoter in gene expression?
A) To terminate transcription
B) To enhance translation
C) To initiate transcription
D) To degrade mRNA
Answer: C) To initiate transcription
Explanation: A promoter is a DNA sequence that signals the start of transcription, allowing RNA polymerase to bind and begin synthesizing RNA.
MCQ 60:
Which of the following is a method used to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
A) Selective breeding
B) Cloning
C) Gene editing with CRISPR
D) All of the above
Answer: C) Gene editing with CRISPR
Explanation: CRISPR is a powerful method for creating GMOs by allowing precise edits to the DNA of organisms.
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