MCQ 11:
The technique of creating an exact copy of a DNA sequence is known as:
A) Cloning
B) Sequencing
C) Transformation
D) Hybridization
Answer: A) Cloning
Explanation: Cloning involves creating exact copies of a DNA sequence, allowing for the study and manipulation of specific genes.
MCQ 12:
Which of the following processes uses RNA to synthesize proteins?
A) Replication
B) Translation
C) Transcription
D) Transformation
Answer: B) Translation
Explanation: Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins based on the sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA).
MCQ 13:
What is the main function of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in genetic engineering?
A) DNA replication
B) Gene editing
C) Protein synthesis
D) RNA degradation
Answer: B) Gene editing
Explanation: CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary tool used for precise gene editing, allowing scientists to add, remove, or alter genetic material.
MCQ 14:
What role do heat-shock proteins play in biotechnology?
A) DNA replication
B) Protein folding and stability
C) RNA synthesis
D) Cell division
Answer: B) Protein folding and stability
Explanation: Heat-shock proteins assist in the proper folding of proteins and help maintain protein stability, especially under stress conditions.
MCQ 15:
Which of the following is used to introduce foreign DNA into eukaryotic cells?
A) Transformation
B) Transfection
C) Transduction
D) Conjugation
Answer: B) Transfection
Explanation: Transfection is the process of introducing foreign DNA into eukaryotic cells, often using methods such as liposomes or electroporation.
MCQ 16:
Which of the following techniques is used for gene amplification?
A) Western blotting
B) PCR
C) Sanger sequencing
D) Southern blotting
Answer: B) PCR
Explanation: PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is the primary technique used for amplifying specific DNA sequences, allowing for their analysis.
MCQ 17:
What is the function of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?
A) Unwinding DNA
B) Cutting DNA
C) Joining DNA fragments
D) Synthesizing RNA
Answer: C) Joining DNA fragments
Explanation: DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, which is crucial in creating recombinant DNA molecules.
MCQ 18:
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
A) mRNA
B) rRNA
C) tRNA
D) siRNA
Answer: C) tRNA
Explanation: Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into proteins based on the mRNA template.
MCQ 19:
In plant biotechnology, which method is often used to regenerate whole plants from single cells?
A) Micropropagation
B) Transformation
C) Transduction
D) Cloning
Answer: A) Micropropagation
Explanation: Micropropagation is a technique used to regenerate whole plants from single cells or tissues, often through tissue culture methods.
MCQ 20:
What is the main advantage of using recombinant DNA technology?
A) It is time-consuming.
B) It allows for the production of genetically identical organisms.
C) It requires complex machinery.
D) It can create organisms with novel traits.
Answer: D) It can create organisms with novel traits.
Explanation: Recombinant DNA technology enables the introduction of new traits into organisms, which can lead to advances in agriculture, medicine, and industry.
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