NEET 2025 MCQ with Answer Explanation : “Biotechnology Principles and Processes”.

Here below some basic MCQ’s of biotechnology principles and processes with answer which is explained in details. Let’s check one by one.

MCQ 1:
Which of the following techniques is used for the transfer of genes into plant cells?

A) Electroporation
B) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
C) CRISPR-Cas9
D) Gel electrophoresis

Answer: B) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Explanation: Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a bacterium that can naturally transfer DNA to plant cells, making it a widely used tool in plant genetic engineering.

MCQ 2:
Which of the following is NOT a step in the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) process?

A) Denaturation
B) Annealing
C) Transcription
D) Extension

Answer: C) Transcription
Explanation: PCR involves three main steps: denaturation (separating the DNA strands), annealing (binding of primers to the DNA), and extension (synthesis of new DNA strands). Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, not part of PCR.

MCQ 3:
What is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes in biotechnology?

A) To amplify DNA
B) To cut DNA at specific sequences
C) To repair DNA
D) To transport DNA into cells

Answer: B) To cut DNA at specific sequences
Explanation: Restriction enzymes, or restriction endonucleases, are used to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. This is essential for cloning and other molecular biology techniques.

MCQ 4:
In recombinant DNA technology, the term “vector” refers to:

A) The final protein product
B) The organism being studied
C) A DNA molecule used to deliver genetic material into a host cell
D) A method of DNA analysis

Answer: C) A DNA molecule used to deliver genetic material into a host cell
Explanation: Vectors are vehicles (often plasmids or viruses) that carry foreign genetic material into a host cell, facilitating the cloning or expression of that DNA.

MCQ 5:
Which of the following processes can be used for the large-scale production of proteins in biotechnology?

A) Fermentation
B) Gel electrophoresis
C) Centrifugation
D) Chromatography

Answer: A) Fermentation
Explanation: Fermentation is a metabolic process that can be used to produce large quantities of proteins by utilizing microorganisms, making it a crucial technique in biotechnology.

MCQ 6:
What is the purpose of the Southern blotting technique?

A) DNA sequencing
B) DNA fragment separation
C) Detection of specific DNA sequences
D) Amplification of DNA

Answer: C) Detection of specific DNA sequences
Explanation: Southern blotting is used to detect specific DNA sequences in a DNA sample by transferring DNA fragments to a membrane and hybridizing them with labeled probes.

MCQ 7:
Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

A) A dog bred for specific traits
B) A bacterium engineered to produce insulin
C) A hybrid plant from selective breeding
D) A naturally occurring fungus

Answer: B) A bacterium engineered to produce insulin
Explanation: A genetically modified organism (GMO) is one whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques, such as a bacterium that produces insulin.

MCQ 8:
Which enzyme is commonly used in DNA replication to synthesize new DNA strands?

A) Ligase
B) DNA polymerase
C) Helicase
D) Restriction enzyme

Answer: B) DNA polymerase
Explanation: DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand during replication.

MCQ 9:
What is a primary characteristic of plasmids?

A) They are large chromosomes.
B) They replicate independently of chromosomal DNA.
C) They cannot carry foreign genes.
D) They are only found in eukaryotic cells.

Answer: B) They replicate independently of chromosomal DNA.
Explanation: Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA, commonly used as vectors in genetic engineering.

MCQ 10:
Which process allows for the separation of proteins based on their size?

A) Gel electrophoresis
B) PCR
C) Cloning
D) Transcription

Answer: A) Gel electrophoresis
Explanation: Gel electrophoresis separates proteins based on size and charge by applying an electric field to a gel matrix.