- Which bacterium is commonly used in the production of recombinant insulin?
a) Bacillus subtilis
b) Escherichia coli
c) Rhizobium
d) Pseudomonas
Answer: b) Escherichia coli
Explanation:
Escherichia coli is used in the production of recombinant insulin by inserting the human insulin gene into the bacterial genome, allowing the bacteria to produce insulin for medical use.
- Which of the following is used to study protein-protein interactions?
a) Southern blotting
b) Yeast two-hybrid system
c) Northern blotting
d) PCR
Answer: b) Yeast two-hybrid system
Explanation:
The yeast two-hybrid system is a genetic technique used to study protein-protein interactions by determining if two proteins physically interact with each other in a yeast cell.
- Which of the following is NOT a method of gene transfer in plants?
a) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
b) Biolistics (gene gun)
c) Microinjection
d) Southern blotting
Answer: d) Southern blotting
Explanation:
Southern blotting is a technique used to detect specific DNA sequences and is not a method of gene transfer. Gene transfer in plants is typically accomplished through methods like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation or biolistics.
- In which of the following biotechnological processes are Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins used?
a) Gene therapy
b) Bioremediation
c) Insect-resistant crops
d) Production of antibiotics
Answer: c) Insect-resistant crops
Explanation:
Bt toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis are used in genetically engineered crops to confer resistance against certain insect pests. Bt crops, such as Bt cotton, express these toxins, which kill the larvae of specific insects.
- The purpose of using restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology is to:
a) Amplify DNA
b) Cut DNA at specific sites
c) Ligate DNA fragments
d) Degrade RNA
Answer: b) Cut DNA at specific sites
Explanation:
Restriction enzymes, also known as molecular scissors, are used to cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, facilitating the insertion of foreign genes into vectors during recombinant DNA technology.
- Which of the following is an advantage of genetically modified (GM) crops?
a) Increased biodiversity
b) Resistance to pests
c) Elimination of all chemical fertilizers
d) Faster natural evolution
Answer: b) Resistance to pests
Explanation:
GM crops can be engineered for pest resistance, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. This helps protect the crops from insect damage and can lead to higher yields and reduced environmental impact from pesticide use.
- Which of the following is used as a molecular marker in genetic studies?
a) Insulin gene
b) Hemoglobin gene
c) GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein)
d) Cytochrome C
Answer: c) GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein)
Explanation:
GFP is used as a molecular marker in genetic studies. It fluoresces under UV light, making it easy to track the expression of genes or the presence of specific cells that have taken up foreign DNA.
- Which process is used to increase the number of copies of a particular DNA sequence?
a) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
b) DNA sequencing
c) RNA interference (RNAi)
d) Gene cloning
Answer: a) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Explanation:
PCR is a technique used to amplify or increase the number of copies of a specific DNA sequence. This method is crucial for genetic research, diagnostics, and forensic applications.
- Which organism is used to produce bioethanol from biomass?
a) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
b) Escherichia coli
c) Penicillium
d) Pseudomonas
Answer: a) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Explanation:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also known as baker’s yeast, is commonly used in the fermentation process to produce bioethanol from biomass by converting sugars into ethanol.
- Which of the following is an application of bioinformatics in biotechnology?
a) DNA sequencing
b) Cloning of genes
c) Protein purification
d) Gene transfer
Answer: a) DNA sequencing
Explanation:
Bioinformatics plays a significant role in analyzing and interpreting DNA sequences, which is crucial for understanding genetic information, identifying genes, and studying evolutionary relationships.
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