- Cyanobacteria and bacteria differ in:
a) Presence of a nucleus
b) Presence of a cell wall
c) Mode of nutrition
d) Prokaryotic nature
Answer: c) Mode of nutrition
Explanation:
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic and autotrophic, while most bacteria are heterotrophic. Both are prokaryotic and lack a true nucleus.
- The smallest known living cells that can survive without oxygen are:
a) Mycoplasmas
b) Viruses
c) Bacteria
d) Cyanobacteria
Answer: a) Mycoplasmas
Explanation:
Mycoplasmas are the smallest known living cells that can survive without oxygen. They lack a cell wall, making them resistant to antibiotics like penicillin.
- Which of the following are considered extremophiles due to their ability to live in extreme environments?
a) Eubacteria
b) Archaebacteria
c) Fungi
d) Protists
Answer: b) Archaebacteria
Explanation:
Archaebacteria are extremophiles that can live in harsh conditions such as high temperatures, salinity, or acidity.
- Which of the following organisms does not have a nuclear membrane?
a) Mushroom
b) Blue-green algae
c) Amoeba
d) Euglena
Answer: b) Blue-green algae
Explanation:
Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are prokaryotic organisms that lack a nuclear membrane, unlike eukaryotes like mushrooms, Amoeba, and Euglena.
- Which of the following structures is found in a bacterial cell but not in a eukaryotic cell?
a) Nucleoid
b) Nucleus
c) Mitochondria
d) Golgi bodies
Answer: a) Nucleoid
Explanation:
Bacterial cells have a nucleoid region where their circular DNA is located, while eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus with membrane-bound organelles.
- Which of the following organisms does not have a cell wall?
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Mycoplasma
c) Fungi
d) Algae
Answer: b) Mycoplasma
Explanation:
Mycoplasma are unique bacteria that lack a cell wall, making them resistant to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.
- Which of the following is a feature of the kingdom Protista?
a) All organisms are prokaryotic
b) All organisms are multicellular
c) They are primarily autotrophic
d) They have membrane-bound organelles
Answer: d) They have membrane-bound organelles
Explanation:
Protists are eukaryotic, meaning they have membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts in some autotrophic species.
- What is the common name for cyanobacteria?
a) Blue-green algae
b) Red algae
c) Brown algae
d) Green algae
Answer: a) Blue-green algae
Explanation:
Cyanobacteria are commonly known as blue-green algae due to their ability to perform photosynthesis and their characteristic color.
- Viruses differ from living organisms in that they:
a) Have a cellular structure
b) Are made of cells
c) Do not carry out metabolism independently
d) Are heterotrophic
Answer: c) Do not carry out metabolism independently
Explanation:
Viruses cannot carry out metabolic processes on their own and rely on a host cell for replication and metabolism.
- Which of the following organisms reproduces using binary fission?
a) Bacteria
b) Amoeba
c) Paramecium
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation:
Bacteria, Amoeba, and Paramecium reproduce through binary fission, a process where a single cell divides into two genetically identical cells.
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