- Which of the following organisms are known as ‘amphibians of the plant kingdom’?
a) Algae
b) Bryophytes
c) Pteridophytes
d) Gymnosperms
Answer: b) Bryophytes
Explanation: Bryophytes are known as the ‘amphibians of the plant kingdom’ because they live on land but require water for reproduction. Examples include mosses and liverworts.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by a fungus?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Ringworm
c) Typhoid
d) Malaria
Answer: b) Ringworm
Explanation: Ringworm is a fungal infection caused by dermatophytes. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria, while typhoid and malaria are caused by bacteria and protozoa, respectively.
- Which of the following statements is incorrect about Mycoplasma?
a) They are the smallest living cells
b) They have a cell wall made of chitin
c) They can survive without oxygen
d) They cause diseases in plants and animals
Answer: b) They have a cell wall made of chitin
Explanation: Mycoplasma lack a cell wall entirely, making them unique among prokaryotes. They are known as the smallest living cells and can survive without oxygen.
- Which of the following is an example of symbiosis?
a) Parasitism
b) Commensalism
c) Mutualism
d) Predation
Answer: c) Mutualism
Explanation: Symbiosis is a close relationship between two organisms where both benefit. Mutualism is a form of symbiosis where both partners benefit, such as lichens (fungi and algae).
- Peptidoglycan is an important component of the cell wall of:
a) Fungi
b) Plants
c) Bacteria
d) Protozoa
Answer: c) Bacteria
Explanation: Peptidoglycan is a polymer that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of bacteria, giving them structural strength. It is not found in fungi, plants, or protozoa.
- Diatoms are important components of which ecological system?
a) Desert
b) Grassland
c) Aquatic
d) Tundra
Answer: c) Aquatic
Explanation: Diatoms are a major group of algae and are important components of the phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems, where they play a key role in primary production.
- Which of the following groups contain organisms that have a coiled RNA genome and reverse transcriptase enzyme?
a) Bacteria
b) Retroviruses
c) Fungi
d) Protists
Answer: b) Retroviruses
Explanation: Retroviruses, such as HIV, have a single-stranded RNA genome and possess reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that converts RNA into DNA within the host cell.
- Which of the following is an example of autotrophic bacteria?
a) Rhizobium
b) Escherichia coli
c) Cyanobacteria
d) Mycoplasma
Answer: c) Cyanobacteria
Explanation: Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are autotrophic bacteria that can perform photosynthesis, similar to plants.
- Which of the following microorganisms form symbiotic associations with the roots of leguminous plants?
a) Rhizobium
b) Lactobacillus
c) Mycoplasma
d) E. coli
Answer: a) Rhizobium
Explanation: Rhizobium bacteria form symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants, fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere, which benefits both the bacteria and the plant.
- The mode of nutrition in fungi is:
a) Autotrophic
b) Parasitic only
c) Saprophytic
d) Chemosynthetic
Answer: c) Saprophytic
Explanation: Fungi are primarily saprophytic, meaning they obtain their nutrients from decaying organic matter. They can also be parasitic or symbiotic.
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