Here below some basic MCQ’s about “Biological Classification” with answer which is explained in details. Let’s check one by one which is given below.
- Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of the kingdom Monera?
a) They are prokaryotic
b) They possess 70S ribosomes
c) They lack a nuclear membrane
d) They possess a well-defined nucleus
Answer: d) They possess a well-defined nucleus
Explanation: Monera includes prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria, which lack a true nucleus. Their genetic material is not enclosed within a membrane, meaning they do not have a well-defined nucleus.
- Which of the following is true about Archaebacteria?
a) They are found in extreme environments
b) They lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls
c) They are similar to eubacteria in terms of ribosomal RNA
d) They can perform photosynthesis using chlorophyll a
Answer: a) They are found in extreme environments
Explanation: Archaebacteria are extremophiles, meaning they live in extreme conditions such as high temperature, salinity, and acidic environments. Their cell walls lack peptidoglycan, differentiating them from eubacteria.
- In which of the following groups would you place a unicellular, eukaryotic organism that is photosynthetic and motile?
a) Protista
b) Plantae
c) Fungi
d) Monera
Answer: a) Protista
Explanation: Protists are unicellular eukaryotes that can be autotrophic (photosynthetic) or heterotrophic. They often have features such as flagella or cilia for motility, and many are capable of photosynthesis.
- Which of the following organisms belong to the kingdom Fungi?
a) Algae
b) Protozoa
c) Yeasts
d) Mosses
Answer: c) Yeasts
Explanation: Yeasts are unicellular fungi. Fungi are characterized by the presence of chitin in their cell walls, and they obtain nutrition through absorption. Yeasts reproduce both sexually and asexually.
- Lichens are an association between:
a) A bacterium and an alga
b) A fungus and a moss
c) An alga and a fungus
d) A protozoan and a bacterium
Answer: c) An alga and a fungus
Explanation: Lichens are symbiotic associations between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, usually an alga or cyanobacterium. The alga provides nutrients through photosynthesis, while the fungus offers protection and absorbs moisture and nutrients from the environment.
- Which of the following statements is true about the kingdom Plantae?
a) They are autotrophic and heterotrophic
b) Their cell walls are made of chitin
c) They reproduce asexually only
d) They are primarily autotrophic
Answer: d) They are primarily autotrophic
Explanation: Organisms in the kingdom Plantae are primarily autotrophic, meaning they synthesize their food through photosynthesis. Their cell walls are made of cellulose, not chitin.
- Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
a) Eubacteria – Methanogens
b) Archaebacteria – Blue-green algae
c) Fungi – Paramecium
d) Protista – Amoeba
Answer: d) Protista – Amoeba
Explanation: Amoeba is a protozoan and belongs to the kingdom Protista. Methanogens are part of Archaebacteria, and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) belong to Monera.
- Which of the following has an acellular organization?
a) Viruses
b) Fungi
c) Bacteria
d) Protista
Answer: a) Viruses
Explanation: Viruses are acellular entities, meaning they are not made up of cells. They consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed within a protein coat and are only active inside host cells.
- Which group of organisms belongs to the kingdom Animalia?
a) Sponges
b) Algae
c) Mushrooms
d) Cyanobacteria
Answer: a) Sponges
Explanation: Sponges are simple multicellular organisms that belong to the kingdom Animalia. They are characterized by a lack of true tissues and organs but are still considered animals due to their heterotrophic mode of nutrition and multicellularity.
- Which of the following does not belong to the kingdom Protista?
a) Paramecium
b) Spirogyra
c) Euglena
d) Penicillium
Answer: d) Penicillium
Explanation: Penicillium is a genus of fungi and does not belong to the kingdom Protista. Paramecium, Spirogyra, and Euglena are protists.
- The term ‘Protista’ was given by:
a) Linnaeus
b) Haeckel
c) Whittaker
d) Aristotle
Answer: b) Haeckel
Explanation: Ernst Haeckel introduced the term ‘Protista’ in 1866 for the group of organisms that did not fit into the plant or animal kingdoms. These include unicellular organisms like algae, protozoa, and slime molds.
- Which of the following groups of organisms is placed under the kingdom Protista?
a) Algae, Bacteria, Fungi
b) Protozoa, Algae, Slime molds
c) Fungi, Plants, Animals
d) Algae, Bacteria, Protozoa
Answer: b) Protozoa, Algae, Slime molds
Explanation: Kingdom Protista includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms like protozoa (e.g., Amoeba), algae (e.g., Chlamydomonas), and slime molds.
- Which of the following is not an example of fungi?
a) Rhizopus
b) Penicillium
c) Nostoc
d) Aspergillus
Answer: c) Nostoc
Explanation: Nostoc is a cyanobacterium (blue-green algae), which belongs to the kingdom Monera, not Fungi. Rhizopus, Penicillium, and Aspergillus are all fungi.
- Which of the following kingdoms includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms?
a) Monera
b) Protista
c) Fungi
d) Animalia
Answer: c) Fungi
Explanation: The kingdom Fungi includes both unicellular organisms like yeast and multicellular organisms like mushrooms and molds.
- Cyanobacteria are also known as:
a) Green algae
b) Blue-green algae
c) Red algae
d) Brown algae
Answer: b) Blue-green algae
Explanation: Cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae, are photosynthetic bacteria found in the kingdom Monera. They are prokaryotic and can fix atmospheric nitrogen.
- Which of the following kingdoms lack nuclear membrane?
a) Monera
b) Protista
c) Fungi
d) Plantae
Answer: a) Monera
Explanation: Monera consists of prokaryotic organisms like bacteria and cyanobacteria that lack a nuclear membrane. Their genetic material is free within the cytoplasm.
- In five-kingdom classification, which kingdom has organisms with no cell wall?
a) Plantae
b) Fungi
c) Animalia
d) Protista
Answer: c) Animalia
Explanation: Kingdom Animalia consists of multicellular organisms that do not have a cell wall. They are heterotrophic and mostly mobile.
- Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of fungi?
a) Heterotrophic nutrition
b) Cell wall made of cellulose
c) Reproduction by spore formation
d) Saprophytic mode of life
Answer: b) Cell wall made of cellulose
Explanation: Fungi have cell walls made of chitin, not cellulose. Cellulose is found in the cell walls of plants.
- Which of the following is considered as a link between the living and the non-living?
a) Bacteria
b) Viruses
c) Fungi
d) Protozoa
Answer: b) Viruses
Explanation: Viruses are considered a link between living and non-living because they exhibit characteristics of living organisms only inside a host, but outside, they behave like non-living particles.
- Which of the following statements is correct for viruses?
a) They can be cultured on a synthetic medium
b) They have a DNA or RNA core surrounded by a protein coat
c) They are prokaryotic in nature
d) They possess their own metabolic machinery
Answer: b) They have a DNA or RNA core surrounded by a protein coat
Explanation: Viruses have either DNA or RNA as genetic material, which is enclosed in a protein coat called a capsid. They lack metabolic machinery and cannot reproduce outside a host cell.
- Which of the following organisms are known as ‘amphibians of the plant kingdom’?
a) Algae
b) Bryophytes
c) Pteridophytes
d) Gymnosperms
Answer: b) Bryophytes
Explanation: Bryophytes are known as the ‘amphibians of the plant kingdom’ because they live on land but require water for reproduction. Examples include mosses and liverworts.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by a fungus?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Ringworm
c) Typhoid
d) Malaria
Answer: b) Ringworm
Explanation: Ringworm is a fungal infection caused by dermatophytes. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria, while typhoid and malaria are caused by bacteria and protozoa, respectively.
- Which of the following statements is incorrect about Mycoplasma?
a) They are the smallest living cells
b) They have a cell wall made of chitin
c) They can survive without oxygen
d) They cause diseases in plants and animals
Answer: b) They have a cell wall made of chitin
Explanation: Mycoplasma lack a cell wall entirely, making them unique among prokaryotes. They are known as the smallest living cells and can survive without oxygen.
- Which of the following is an example of symbiosis?
a) Parasitism
b) Commensalism
c) Mutualism
d) Predation
Answer: c) Mutualism
Explanation: Symbiosis is a close relationship between two organisms where both benefit. Mutualism is a form of symbiosis where both partners benefit, such as lichens (fungi and algae).
- Peptidoglycan is an important component of the cell wall of:
a) Fungi
b) Plants
c) Bacteria
d) Protozoa
Answer: c) Bacteria
Explanation: Peptidoglycan is a polymer that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of bacteria, giving them structural strength. It is not found in fungi, plants, or protozoa.
- Diatoms are important components of which ecological system?
a) Desert
b) Grassland
c) Aquatic
d) Tundra
Answer: c) Aquatic
Explanation: Diatoms are a major group of algae and are important components of the phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems, where they play a key role in primary production.
- Which of the following groups contain organisms that have a coiled RNA genome and reverse transcriptase enzyme?
a) Bacteria
b) Retroviruses
c) Fungi
d) Protists
Answer: b) Retroviruses
Explanation: Retroviruses, such as HIV, have a single-stranded RNA genome and possess reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that converts RNA into DNA within the host cell.
- Which of the following is an example of autotrophic bacteria?
a) Rhizobium
b) Escherichia coli
c) Cyanobacteria
d) Mycoplasma
Answer: c) Cyanobacteria
Explanation: Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are autotrophic bacteria that can perform photosynthesis, similar to plants.
- Which of the following microorganisms form symbiotic associations with the roots of leguminous plants?
a) Rhizobium
b) Lactobacillus
c) Mycoplasma
d) E. coli
Answer: a) Rhizobium
Explanation: Rhizobium bacteria form symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants, fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere, which benefits both the bacteria and the plant.
- The mode of nutrition in fungi is:
a) Autotrophic
b) Parasitic only
c) Saprophytic
d) Chemosynthetic
Answer: c) Saprophytic
Explanation: Fungi are primarily saprophytic, meaning they obtain their nutrients from decaying organic matter. They can also be parasitic or symbiotic.
- Which of the following is a common characteristic of bacteria and blue-green algae?
a) Both have a well-defined nucleus
b) Both are eukaryotes
c) Both contain 80S ribosomes
d) Both are prokaryotic
Answer: d) Both are prokaryotic
Explanation:
Bacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are prokaryotes, meaning they lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Which one of the following organisms is called the ‘sulfur bacterium’?
a) Thiobacillus
b) Clostridium
c) Bacillus
d) Rhizobium
Answer: a) Thiobacillus
Explanation:
Thiobacillus is known as a sulfur bacterium because it is involved in the oxidation of sulfur compounds.
- The protein coat surrounding the viral genetic material is called:
a) Capsule
b) Capsid
c) Envelope
d) Peptidoglycan
Answer: b) Capsid
Explanation:
The capsid is the protein shell that encloses the genetic material of a virus, providing protection and aiding in its transmission.
- Which of the following structures is absent in prokaryotic cells?
a) Plasma membrane
b) Cell wall
c) Mitochondria
d) Ribosome
Answer: c) Mitochondria
Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria. Their energy is produced through processes in the plasma membrane.
- Which of the following organisms is involved in the production of antibiotics?
a) Aspergillus
b) Penicillium
c) Spirogyra
d) Rhizopus
Answer: b) Penicillium
Explanation:
Penicillium is a genus of fungi used to produce the antibiotic penicillin, discovered by Alexander Fleming.
- Which organism lacks cell walls?
a) Fungi
b) Mycoplasma
c) Bacteria
d) Algae
Answer: b) Mycoplasma
Explanation:
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that lacks a cell wall, making it resistant to many antibiotics like penicillin.
- The symbiotic association of fungi and algae is called:
a) Mycorrhiza
b) Lichen
c) Root nodules
d) Cyanobacteria
Answer: b) Lichen
Explanation:
Lichens are symbiotic associations between fungi and algae (or cyanobacteria). The fungus provides structure and protection, while the algae carry out photosynthesis.
- Which of the following organisms causes malaria?
a) Plasmodium
b) Entamoeba
c) Trypanosoma
d) Leishmania
Answer: a) Plasmodium
Explanation:
Plasmodium, a protozoan, is the causative agent of malaria. It is transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquitoes.
- Which of the following organisms belong to the kingdom Monera?
a) Amoeba
b) Spirogyra
c) Bacteria
d) Paramecium
Answer: c) Bacteria
Explanation:
Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that belong to the kingdom Monera. They lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- In which of the following would you expect to find peptidoglycan?
a) Eukaryotic cells
b) Fungal cell walls
c) Bacterial cell walls
d) Viruses
Answer: c) Bacterial cell walls
Explanation:
Peptidoglycan is a key component of the bacterial cell wall, providing structural strength.
- Which of the following statements is true for viruses?
a) They are cellular organisms
b) They can reproduce outside a host
c) They have either DNA or RNA as genetic material
d) They have both DNA and RNA
Answer: c) They have either DNA or RNA as genetic material
Explanation:
Viruses contain either DNA or RNA, but not both, as their genetic material. They can only replicate inside a host cell.
- The ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen is a characteristic of:
a) Yeasts
b) Cyanobacteria
c) Viruses
d) Amoeba
Answer: b) Cyanobacteria
Explanation:
Cyanobacteria (e.g., Anabaena, Nostoc) are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which can be utilized by plants.
- Which of the following structures are used by paramecia for movement?
a) Flagella
b) Cilia
c) Pseudopodia
d) Tentacles
Answer: b) Cilia
Explanation:
Paramecia move using cilia, small hair-like structures that beat rhythmically to propel the organism.
- Which group of organisms is referred to as ‘naked seed plants’?
a) Bryophytes
b) Pteridophytes
c) Gymnosperms
d) Angiosperms
Answer: c) Gymnosperms
Explanation:
Gymnosperms are seed-producing plants where the seeds are exposed (naked) and not enclosed within a fruit.
- The term ‘biodiversity’ refers to:
a) Variability among living organisms
b) The extinction of species
c) The cultivation of various crops
d) Genetic engineering
Answer: a) Variability among living organisms
Explanation:
Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth, including species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
- Which of the following kingdoms includes heterotrophic organisms that digest their food externally and absorb the nutrients?
a) Protista
b) Fungi
c) Plantae
d) Animalia
Answer: b) Fungi
Explanation:
Fungi digest their food outside their bodies by secreting enzymes, and then absorb the nutrients through their cell walls.
- Which of the following statements is incorrect about slime molds?
a) They belong to the kingdom Fungi
b) They are saprophytic
c) They have a plasmodial stage in their life cycle
d) They reproduce by spores
Answer: a) They belong to the kingdom Fungi
Explanation:
Slime molds belong to the kingdom Protista, not Fungi, though they share some characteristics like spore reproduction.
- Which of the following belongs to the group Archaebacteria?
a) Mycoplasma
b) Methanogens
c) Cyanobacteria
d) Spirochetes
Answer: b) Methanogens
Explanation:
Methanogens are a type of Archaebacteria found in extreme environments like swamps, and they produce methane as a metabolic byproduct.
- Which of the following is absent in a bacterial cell?
a) Plasma membrane
b) Ribosomes
c) Mitochondria
d) Cytoplasm
Answer: c) Mitochondria
Explanation:
Bacterial cells lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria. Their energy-producing processes occur in the plasma membrane.
- In which of the following organisms would you expect to find pseudopodia?
a) Paramecium
b) Amoeba
c) Plasmodium
d) Euglena
Answer: b) Amoeba
Explanation:
Amoeba use pseudopodia, which are temporary projections of the cytoplasm, to move and capture food.
- Which of the following is an example of a photosynthetic protist?
a) Paramecium
b) Euglena
c) Amoeba
d) Plasmodium
Answer: b) Euglena
Explanation:
Euglena is a protist that can photosynthesize due to the presence of chloroplasts, though it can also obtain nutrients heterotrophically when light is unavailable.
- Which group of organisms is often referred to as the ‘pioneer colonizers’ of bare rock?
a) Algae
b) Fungi
c) Lichens
d) Mosses
Answer: c) Lichens
Explanation:
Lichens are symbiotic associations between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria and are often the first organisms to colonize bare rock surfaces, initiating soil formation.
- Which of the following is an example of a nitrogen-fixing bacterium?
a) Escherichia coli
b) Rhizobium
c) Mycobacterium
d) Vibrio cholerae
Answer: b) Rhizobium
Explanation:
Rhizobium is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that forms symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants, converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.
- In viruses, the protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid is known as:
a) Envelope
b) Capsid
c) Pili
d) Plasmid
Answer: b) Capsid
Explanation:
The capsid is the protein shell that encloses the genetic material of a virus, providing protection and aiding in the virus’s ability to infect host cells.
- Which of the following is a fungal disease?
a) Cholera
b) Typhoid
c) Ringworm
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: c) Ringworm
Explanation:
Ringworm is a fungal infection caused by dermatophytes, which affect the skin, hair, and nails.
- Which of the following organisms has a prokaryotic cell structure?
a) Amoeba
b) Fungi
c) Cyanobacteria
d) Algae
Answer: c) Cyanobacteria
Explanation:
Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms, meaning they lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are capable of photosynthesis.
- Which of the following features is found in all prokaryotes?
a) Mitochondria
b) Nucleus
c) 70S ribosomes
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c) 70S ribosomes
Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, have 70S ribosomes for protein synthesis, but they lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and a nucleus.
- Which of the following is an example of a eukaryotic organism?
a) Bacteria
b) Mycoplasma
c) Paramecium
d) Archaebacteria
Answer: c) Paramecium
Explanation:
Paramecium is a unicellular eukaryotic organism found in the kingdom Protista. It has a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Which of the following kingdoms contains organisms that are exclusively heterotrophic?
a) Plantae
b) Fungi
c) Protista
d) Monera
Answer: b) Fungi
Explanation:
The kingdom Fungi consists of organisms that are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain their food by absorbing nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter or living hosts.
- Which of the following is not a characteristic of Archaebacteria?
a) Presence of a peptidoglycan cell wall
b) Ability to live in extreme environments
c) Lack of true nucleus
d) Presence of unique lipids in the cell membrane
Answer: a) Presence of a peptidoglycan cell wall
Explanation:
Archaebacteria have cell walls that lack peptidoglycan, which is found in eubacteria. Instead, they have unique cell wall components like pseudopeptidoglycan.
- Mycorrhiza is an example of:
a) Commensalism
b) Mutualism
c) Parasitism
d) Saprophytism
Answer: b) Mutualism
Explanation:
Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic association between fungi and plant roots, where the fungus helps the plant absorb nutrients, and the plant provides carbohydrates to the fungus.
- The organisms belonging to kingdom Monera are:
a) Unicellular and prokaryotic
b) Multicellular and eukaryotic
c) Unicellular and eukaryotic
d) Multicellular and prokaryotic
Answer: a) Unicellular and prokaryotic
Explanation:
Organisms in the kingdom Monera, like bacteria and cyanobacteria, are unicellular and prokaryotic, lacking a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Which of the following is true for slime molds?
a) They belong to the kingdom Monera
b) They are saprophytic protists
c) They have a chitinous cell wall
d) They reproduce sexually only
Answer: b) They are saprophytic protists
Explanation:
Slime molds are saprophytic organisms in the kingdom Protista. They feed on decaying organic matter and reproduce by spores.
- Which of the following groups of organisms are capable of living in extreme environments?
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Archaebacteria
c) Fungi
d) Algae
Answer: b) Archaebacteria
Explanation:
Archaebacteria can thrive in extreme environments, such as high temperature, high salinity, or low oxygen conditions, due to their unique cellular adaptations.
- The five-kingdom system of classification was proposed by:
a) Linnaeus
b) Haeckel
c) Whittaker
d) Margulis
Answer: c) Whittaker
Explanation:
R.H. Whittaker proposed the five-kingdom system of classification in 1969, dividing life into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
- Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells?
a) True nucleus
b) Membrane-bound organelles
c) Plasmids
d) 80S ribosomes
Answer: c) Plasmids
Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, contain plasmids, which are small, circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA.
- Which of the following is not a member of the kingdom Fungi?
a) Penicillium
b) Saccharomyces
c) Volvox
d) Rhizopus
Answer: c) Volvox
Explanation:
Volvox is a green algae that belongs to the kingdom Plantae, not Fungi. Penicillium, Saccharomyces (yeast), and Rhizopus are fungi.
- Which of the following bacteria is responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia in leguminous plants?
a) Azotobacter
b) Rhizobium
c) Nitrosomonas
d) Nitrobacter
Answer: b) Rhizobium
Explanation:
Rhizobium bacteria live in the root nodules of leguminous plants and fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, making it available for the plant to use.
- Which of the following kingdoms contains organisms that are mainly autotrophic?
a) Animalia
b) Fungi
c) Plantae
d) Monera
Answer: c) Plantae
Explanation:
The kingdom Plantae consists mainly of autotrophic organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis using chlorophyll.
- Cyanobacteria and bacteria differ in:
a) Presence of a nucleus
b) Presence of a cell wall
c) Mode of nutrition
d) Prokaryotic nature
Answer: c) Mode of nutrition
Explanation:
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic and autotrophic, while most bacteria are heterotrophic. Both are prokaryotic and lack a true nucleus.
- The smallest known living cells that can survive without oxygen are:
a) Mycoplasmas
b) Viruses
c) Bacteria
d) Cyanobacteria
Answer: a) Mycoplasmas
Explanation:
Mycoplasmas are the smallest known living cells that can survive without oxygen. They lack a cell wall, making them resistant to antibiotics like penicillin.
- Which of the following are considered extremophiles due to their ability to live in extreme environments?
a) Eubacteria
b) Archaebacteria
c) Fungi
d) Protists
Answer: b) Archaebacteria
Explanation:
Archaebacteria are extremophiles that can live in harsh conditions such as high temperatures, salinity, or acidity.
- Which of the following organisms does not have a nuclear membrane?
a) Mushroom
b) Blue-green algae
c) Amoeba
d) Euglena
Answer: b) Blue-green algae
Explanation:
Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are prokaryotic organisms that lack a nuclear membrane, unlike eukaryotes like mushrooms, Amoeba, and Euglena.
- Which of the following structures is found in a bacterial cell but not in a eukaryotic cell?
a) Nucleoid
b) Nucleus
c) Mitochondria
d) Golgi bodies
Answer: a) Nucleoid
Explanation:
Bacterial cells have a nucleoid region where their circular DNA is located, while eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus with membrane-bound organelles.
- Which of the following organisms does not have a cell wall?
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Mycoplasma
c) Fungi
d) Algae
Answer: b) Mycoplasma
Explanation:
Mycoplasma are unique bacteria that lack a cell wall, making them resistant to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.
- Which of the following is a feature of the kingdom Protista?
a) All organisms are prokaryotic
b) All organisms are multicellular
c) They are primarily autotrophic
d) They have membrane-bound organelles
Answer: d) They have membrane-bound organelles
Explanation:
Protists are eukaryotic, meaning they have membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts in some autotrophic species.
- What is the common name for cyanobacteria?
a) Blue-green algae
b) Red algae
c) Brown algae
d) Green algae
Answer: a) Blue-green algae
Explanation:
Cyanobacteria are commonly known as blue-green algae due to their ability to perform photosynthesis and their characteristic color.
- Viruses differ from living organisms in that they:
a) Have a cellular structure
b) Are made of cells
c) Do not carry out metabolism independently
d) Are heterotrophic
Answer: c) Do not carry out metabolism independently
Explanation:
Viruses cannot carry out metabolic processes on their own and rely on a host cell for replication and metabolism.
- Which of the following organisms reproduces using binary fission?
a) Bacteria
b) Amoeba
c) Paramecium
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation:
Bacteria, Amoeba, and Paramecium reproduce through binary fission, a process where a single cell divides into two genetically identical cells.
- Which of the following is a parasitic protozoan that causes sleeping sickness?
a) Giardia
b) Trypanosoma
c) Plasmodium
d) Entamoeba
Answer: b) Trypanosoma
Explanation:
Trypanosoma is the parasitic protozoan responsible for causing African sleeping sickness, transmitted by the tsetse fly.
- Which of the following organisms are involved in the process of decomposition?
a) Bacteria
b) Fungi
c) Both a and b
d) Viruses
Answer: c) Both a and b
Explanation:
Both bacteria and fungi play a critical role in the decomposition of organic matter, breaking it down into simpler substances.
- Which of the following belongs to the kingdom Protista?
a) Euglena
b) Mycoplasma
c) Methanogens
d) Spirogyra
Answer: a) Euglena
Explanation:
Euglena is a member of the kingdom Protista, which consists of single-celled eukaryotic organisms. Mycoplasma is a bacterium, methanogens are archaea, and Spirogyra is a green alga.
- Which of the following components is found in fungal cell walls?
a) Cellulose
b) Chitin
c) Peptidoglycan
d) Glycogen
Answer: b) Chitin
Explanation:
Fungal cell walls are composed of chitin, a polysaccharide that provides strength and rigidity, unlike plant cell walls made of cellulose.
- Which of the following groups of organisms can perform photosynthesis?
a) Viruses
b) Protozoa
c) Algae
d) Fungi
Answer: c) Algae
Explanation:
Algae are photosynthetic organisms that contain chlorophyll and other pigments to capture light energy and produce food.
- Methanogens belong to the domain:
a) Bacteria
b) Eukarya
c) Archaea
d) Protista
Answer: c) Archaea
Explanation:
Methanogens are a type of archaea that produce methane as a byproduct of their metabolism. They live in anaerobic environments like swamps and the digestive tracts of ruminants.
- Which of the following statements is true about fungi?
a) They are always multicellular
b) They perform photosynthesis
c) They are heterotrophic
d) They have chlorophyll
Answer: c) They are heterotrophic
Explanation:
Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that obtain nutrients by absorbing organic matter. They do not perform photosynthesis or contain chlorophyll.
- Which of the following organisms are classified as prokaryotes?
a) Bacteria
b) Protozoa
c) Fungi
d) Algae
Answer: a) Bacteria
Explanation:
Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They differ from eukaryotic organisms like protozoa, fungi, and algae.
- The reserve food material in fungi is usually stored as:
a) Starch
b) Glycogen
c) Fatty acids
d) Cellulose
Answer: b) Glycogen
Explanation:
Fungi store their reserve food material in the form of glycogen, similar to animals, while plants store their food as starch.
- Which of the following is not a characteristic of the kingdom Protista?
a) Unicellular and multicellular organisms
b) Membrane-bound organelles
c) Prokaryotic cells
d) Asexual and sexual reproduction
Answer: c) Prokaryotic cells
Explanation:
Organisms in the kingdom Protista are eukaryotic and have membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic organisms belong to the kingdom Monera.
- Which of the following is a freshwater alga?
a) Chlamydomonas
b) Sargassum
c) Fucus
d) Laminaria
Answer: a) Chlamydomonas
Explanation:
Chlamydomonas is a genus of green algae that live in freshwater environments, while Sargassum, Fucus, and Laminaria are marine algae.
- Which of the following groups includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
a) Protozoa
b) Archaea
c) Cyanobacteria
d) Fungi
Answer: c) Cyanobacteria
Explanation:
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that can fix atmospheric nitrogen, converting it into ammonia, which plants can use.
- Bacteria that have rod-shaped cells are called:
a) Cocci
b) Bacilli
c) Spirilla
d) Vibrios
Answer: b) Bacilli
Explanation:
Bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria, while cocci are spherical, spirilla are spiral-shaped, and vibrios are comma-shaped.
- Which of the following is a plant-like protist?
a) Amoeba
b) Euglena
c) Paramecium
d) Plasmodium
Answer: b) Euglena
Explanation:
Euglena is a plant-like protist that can perform photosynthesis using chloroplasts, although it can also switch to heterotrophic modes of nutrition.
- Which of the following is not a member of kingdom Plantae?
a) Spirogyra
b) Chlamydomonas
c) Volvox
d) Rhizopus
Answer: d) Rhizopus
Explanation:
Rhizopus is a fungus, while Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas, and Volvox are all algae belonging to the kingdom Plantae.
- Which of the following characteristics is unique to prokaryotes?
a) Presence of a true nucleus
b) Absence of organelles
c) 80S ribosomes
d) Membrane-bound organelles
Answer: b) Absence of organelles
Explanation:
Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi bodies, which are found in eukaryotic cells.
- Which of the following belongs to the kingdom Monera?
a) Algae
b) Bacteria
c) Protozoa
d) Fungi
Answer: b) Bacteria
Explanation:
Bacteria are classified under the kingdom Monera, which includes all prokaryotic organisms.
- The presence of 70S ribosomes is a characteristic of:
a) Prokaryotes
b) Eukaryotes
c) Viruses
d) Fungi
Answer: a) Prokaryotes
Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, contain 70S ribosomes, while eukaryotic cells have 80S ribosomes.
- Which of the following is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium?
a) Rhizobium
b) Azotobacter
c) Nitrosomonas
d) Nitrobacter
Answer: b) Azotobacter
Explanation:
Azotobacter is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium that converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which can be used by plants.
- Which of the following is a unicellular fungus?
a) Penicillium
b) Rhizopus
c) Saccharomyces
d) Agaricus
Answer: c) Saccharomyces
Explanation:
Saccharomyces, commonly known as yeast, is a unicellular fungus used in fermentation processes like baking and brewing.
- Which of the following is a photosynthetic bacterium?
a) Clostridium
b) Pseudomonas
c) Mycobacterium
d) Cyanobacteria
Answer: d) Cyanobacteria
Explanation:
Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are photosynthetic bacteria that use sunlight to produce food, similar to plants.
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