- Which organization provides the “Living Planet Report” to assess global biodiversity trends?
a) UNEP
b) WWF
c) IUCN
d) Greenpeace
Answer: b) WWF
Explanation: The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) publishes the “Living Planet Report” every two years, assessing the state of global biodiversity and ecosystems.
- Which of the following human-induced phenomena has caused the largest loss of biodiversity globally?
a) Acid rain
b) Habitat destruction
c) Ozone depletion
d) Pesticide use
Answer: b) Habitat destruction
Explanation: Habitat destruction through deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion is the leading cause of biodiversity loss on a global scale.
- Which of the following species is an example of a “flagship species” used to promote conservation efforts?
a) House sparrow
b) African elephant
c) Common frog
d) Atlantic cod
Answer: b) African elephant
Explanation: Flagship species, such as the African elephant, are often used in conservation campaigns to raise awareness and inspire efforts to protect biodiversity.
- Which of the following types of biodiversity conservation focuses on the conservation of species in their natural habitat?
a) Ex situ conservation
b) In situ conservation
c) Captive breeding
d) Seed banking
Answer: b) In situ conservation
Explanation: In situ conservation involves protecting species in their natural habitat, preserving ecosystems and the biodiversity they contain.
- Which of the following practices is most likely to increase genetic diversity in a population?
a) Habitat fragmentation
b) Inbreeding
c) Gene flow between populations
d) Overharvesting
Answer: c) Gene flow between populations
Explanation: Gene flow, or the movement of genetic material between populations, increases genetic diversity by introducing new genetic variations into a population.
- Which of the following is an advantage of ex situ conservation?
a) It helps species adapt to their natural habitats.
b) It allows species to breed in controlled environments.
c) It increases genetic diversity in the wild.
d) It eliminates the need for habitat protection.
Answer: b) It allows species to breed in controlled environments.
Explanation: Ex situ conservation, such as in zoos or botanical gardens, enables breeding programs for endangered species in controlled environments, helping to maintain population numbers.
- A species found in only one geographic location and nowhere else is called:
a) Indigenous
b) Endemic
c) Exotic
d) Invasive
Answer: b) Endemic
Explanation: Endemic species are those that are restricted to a particular geographic area and are not found anywhere else in the world.
- Which of the following is an example of in situ conservation?
a) Seed banks
b) National parks
c) Botanical gardens
d) Captive breeding
Answer: b) National parks
Explanation: In situ conservation involves protecting species within their natural habitats, such as through the establishment of national parks or wildlife sanctuaries.
- Which of the following biomes is known for having the highest biodiversity?
a) Desert
b) Tundra
c) Tropical rainforest
d) Savanna
Answer: c) Tropical rainforest
Explanation: Tropical rainforests are the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth, hosting a vast number of plant and animal species.
- Which of the following is NOT a threat to biodiversity?
a) Habitat destruction
b) Climate change
c) Sustainable agriculture
d) Overexploitation
Answer: c) Sustainable agriculture
Explanation: Sustainable agriculture aims to meet human needs while minimizing negative impacts on biodiversity, whereas habitat destruction, climate change, and overexploitation threaten biodiversity.
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