- Which type of vascular tissue conducts water and minerals in plants?
a) Phloem
b) Collenchyma
c) Xylem
d) Parenchyma
Answer: c) Xylem
Explanation: Xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves of the plant. It consists of vessels, tracheids, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibers.
- Which of the following is NOT a component of phloem?
a) Sieve tubes
b) Companion cells
c) Phloem parenchyma
d) Tracheids
Answer: d) Tracheids
Explanation: Tracheids are a component of xylem, not phloem. Phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma, and is responsible for the transport of nutrients.
- The cambium responsible for the formation of cork is called:
a) Vascular cambium
b) Interfascicular cambium
c) Cork cambium
d) Apical meristem
Answer: c) Cork cambium
Explanation: Cork cambium (also known as phellogen) is a lateral meristem that produces cork (phellem) on the outer side and phelloderm on the inner side, forming the protective outer covering of woody plants.
- The pericycle in roots gives rise to:
a) Xylem and phloem
b) Lateral roots
c) Vascular cambium
d) Epidermis
Answer: b) Lateral roots
Explanation: The pericycle, a layer of cells located just inside the endodermis, is responsible for initiating the formation of lateral roots in dicot plants.
- Which of the following is a characteristic feature of dicot stems but not monocot stems?
a) Presence of vascular bundles
b) Collateral, closed vascular bundles
c) Scattered vascular bundles
d) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Answer: d) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Explanation: In dicot stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring, whereas in monocot stems, the vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue.
- The vascular cambium in dicot stems is:
a) Primary meristem
b) Secondary meristem
c) Lateral meristem
d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
Explanation: The vascular cambium in dicot stems is a lateral meristem and it is also a secondary meristem, as it is responsible for secondary growth, leading to the formation of secondary xylem and phloem.
- What is the function of guard cells in the stomata?
a) Gas exchange
b) Water absorption
c) Transport of sugars
d) Formation of phloem tissue
Answer: a) Gas exchange
Explanation: Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata, regulating gas exchange (mainly CO2 and O2) and water vapor between the plant and the atmosphere.
- Which of the following is a living component of xylem?
a) Xylem vessels
b) Xylem tracheids
c) Xylem fibers
d) Xylem parenchyma
Answer: d) Xylem parenchyma
Explanation: Xylem parenchyma is the only living component of xylem tissue, and it plays a role in the storage of food and the sideways transport of water and minerals.
- Which part of the plant forms the periderm during secondary growth?
a) Epidermis
b) Cortex
c) Cork cambium
d) Phloem
Answer: c) Cork cambium
Explanation: The periderm, which replaces the epidermis during secondary growth, is produced by the cork cambium (phellogen). It consists of the cork (phellem), cork cambium, and phelloderm.
- Which tissue type is mainly involved in the transportation of food in plants?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Collenchyma
Answer: b) Phloem
Explanation: Phloem is responsible for transporting the products of photosynthesis (mainly sugars) from the leaves to other parts of the plant where they are used or stored.
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