- Which tissue provides mechanical support and is composed of dead cells?
a) Parenchyma
b) Collenchyma
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Epidermis
Answer: c) Sclerenchyma
Explanation: Sclerenchyma provides mechanical support to plants and is composed of dead cells with thick, lignified cell walls.
- Which of the following is the main function of root hairs?
a) Protection of the root tip
b) Absorption of water and nutrients
c) Storage of food
d) Gas exchange
Answer: b) Absorption of water and nutrients
Explanation: Root hairs are responsible for absorbing water and minerals from the soil, increasing the surface area of the root for more efficient uptake.
- Which type of vascular tissue is involved in the transport of organic nutrients in plants?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Collenchyma
d) Parenchyma
Answer: b) Phloem
Explanation: Phloem transports organic nutrients, mainly sugars produced by photosynthesis, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
- Which layer of the plant root regulates the movement of substances into the vascular tissue?
a) Epidermis
b) Cortex
c) Endodermis
d) Pericycle
Answer: c) Endodermis
Explanation: The endodermis, with its Casparian strip, regulates the entry of water and minerals into the vascular tissue, ensuring selective absorption.
- Which type of cells are elongated, flexible, and provide support to growing parts of the plant?
a) Parenchyma
b) Collenchyma
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Xylem vessels
Answer: b) Collenchyma
Explanation: Collenchyma cells have thickened cell walls and provide flexible structural support to growing regions of the plant, such as young stems and leaves.
- Which tissue is primarily responsible for the production of bark?
a) Vascular cambium
b) Cork cambium
c) Xylem
d) Phloem
Answer: b) Cork cambium
Explanation: The cork cambium, or phellogen, produces cork (phellem) and phelloderm, which together form the bark of the tree.
- Which of the following cells contain chloroplasts and are involved in photosynthesis?
a) Parenchyma cells
b) Collenchyma cells
c) Sclerenchyma cells
d) Guard cells
Answer: d) Guard cells
Explanation: Guard cells surrounding stomata contain chloroplasts and are involved in regulating gas exchange and photosynthesis.
- Which type of meristem is responsible for the increase in length of plant stems?
a) Apical meristem
b) Lateral meristem
c) Intercalary meristem
d) Vascular cambium
Answer: a) Apical meristem
Explanation: Apical meristems, located at the tips of stems and roots, are responsible for primary growth, which increases the length of the plant.
- Which part of the root is responsible for the production of lateral roots?
a) Endodermis
b) Pericycle
c) Cortex
d) Phloem
Answer: b) Pericycle
Explanation: Lateral roots arise from the pericycle, a layer of cells located just inside the endodermis of roots.
- Which type of vascular bundle is typical of monocot stems?
a) Collateral and open
b) Collateral and closed
c) Bicollateral
d) Radial
Answer: b) Collateral and closed
Explanation: In monocot stems, vascular bundles are collateral and closed, meaning they lack a cambium, preventing secondary growth
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