Here below some basic MCQ’s of “Anatomy of flowering plants” with answer which is explained in details. Let’s check one by one which is given below.
- What type of vascular bundles are found in monocot stems?
a) Radial
b) Conjoint, collateral, closed
c) Conjoint, collateral, open
d) Bicollateral
Answer: b) Conjoint, collateral, closed
Explanation: In monocot stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a conjoint, collateral, and closed manner. This means that the xylem and phloem are present on the same radius, with phloem towards the outside and xylem towards the inside. Closed means there is no cambium, which prevents secondary growth.
- Which of the following tissues is responsible for the growth in girth of dicot plants?
a) Apical meristem
b) Lateral meristem
c) Intercalary meristem
d) Parenchyma
Answer: b) Lateral meristem
Explanation: The lateral meristem, such as the vascular cambium and cork cambium, is responsible for secondary growth, which leads to an increase in the girth of the plant. This is common in dicot plants.
- Which of the following cells provides mechanical support in plants?
a) Parenchyma
b) Sclerenchyma
c) Collenchyma
d) Xylem vessels
Answer: b) Sclerenchyma
Explanation: Sclerenchyma cells have thick, lignified walls and provide mechanical support to the plant. These cells are usually dead at maturity and are found in regions of the plant that need structural strength.
- In which type of plant tissue would you find sieve tubes and companion cells?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Parenchyma
d) Collenchyma
Answer: b) Phloem
Explanation: Sieve tubes and companion cells are components of phloem tissue. Sieve tubes are responsible for the transport of organic nutrients, primarily sucrose, while companion cells help maintain the metabolic functions of the sieve tubes.
- What is the main function of the endodermis in the roots?
a) Storage of food
b) Conduction of water
c) Regulation of water and mineral uptake
d) Photosynthesis
Answer: c) Regulation of water and mineral uptake
Explanation: The endodermis, which surrounds the vascular bundle in roots, contains a waterproof Casparian strip that controls the movement of water and dissolved minerals into the xylem, ensuring selective absorption of nutrients.
- Which tissue is referred to as the ‘wood’ of the plant?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Collenchyma
d) Parenchyma
Answer: a) Xylem
Explanation: The secondary xylem formed during secondary growth in woody plants becomes wood. It provides mechanical support and conducts water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
- Which of the following is characteristic of dicot roots?
a) Polyarch xylem
b) Radial vascular bundles
c) Conjoint vascular bundles
d) Scattered vascular bundles
Answer: b) Radial vascular bundles
Explanation: In dicot roots, the xylem and phloem are arranged in separate bundles along different radii of the root, forming a radial arrangement, which is a distinguishing feature of dicot roots.
- What type of cells form the bulk of ground tissue in plants?
a) Collenchyma
b) Sclerenchyma
c) Parenchyma
d) Xylem
Answer: c) Parenchyma
Explanation: Parenchyma cells are the most common and versatile cell type in plants, forming the bulk of the ground tissue. They are involved in various functions such as storage, photosynthesis, and wound repair.
- In which part of the plant is intercalary meristem commonly found?
a) Roots
b) Leaf tips
c) Nodes
d) Stem apex
Answer: c) Nodes
Explanation: Intercalary meristems are commonly found at the base of nodes and leaf blades in monocots, allowing for rapid growth of these regions, especially in grasses.
- Which part of the root is responsible for water absorption?
a) Root cap
b) Cortex
c) Root hairs
d) Xylem
Answer: c) Root hairs
Explanation: Root hairs, which are extensions of epidermal cells, increase the surface area of the root and are primarily responsible for absorbing water and dissolved minerals from the soil.
- Which type of vascular tissue conducts water and minerals in plants?
a) Phloem
b) Collenchyma
c) Xylem
d) Parenchyma
Answer: c) Xylem
Explanation: Xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves of the plant. It consists of vessels, tracheids, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibers.
- Which of the following is NOT a component of phloem?
a) Sieve tubes
b) Companion cells
c) Phloem parenchyma
d) Tracheids
Answer: d) Tracheids
Explanation: Tracheids are a component of xylem, not phloem. Phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma, and is responsible for the transport of nutrients.
- The cambium responsible for the formation of cork is called:
a) Vascular cambium
b) Interfascicular cambium
c) Cork cambium
d) Apical meristem
Answer: c) Cork cambium
Explanation: Cork cambium (also known as phellogen) is a lateral meristem that produces cork (phellem) on the outer side and phelloderm on the inner side, forming the protective outer covering of woody plants.
- The pericycle in roots gives rise to:
a) Xylem and phloem
b) Lateral roots
c) Vascular cambium
d) Epidermis
Answer: b) Lateral roots
Explanation: The pericycle, a layer of cells located just inside the endodermis, is responsible for initiating the formation of lateral roots in dicot plants.
- Which of the following is a characteristic feature of dicot stems but not monocot stems?
a) Presence of vascular bundles
b) Collateral, closed vascular bundles
c) Scattered vascular bundles
d) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Answer: d) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Explanation: In dicot stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring, whereas in monocot stems, the vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue.
- The vascular cambium in dicot stems is:
a) Primary meristem
b) Secondary meristem
c) Lateral meristem
d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
Explanation: The vascular cambium in dicot stems is a lateral meristem and it is also a secondary meristem, as it is responsible for secondary growth, leading to the formation of secondary xylem and phloem.
- What is the function of guard cells in the stomata?
a) Gas exchange
b) Water absorption
c) Transport of sugars
d) Formation of phloem tissue
Answer: a) Gas exchange
Explanation: Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata, regulating gas exchange (mainly CO2 and O2) and water vapor between the plant and the atmosphere.
- Which of the following is a living component of xylem?
a) Xylem vessels
b) Xylem tracheids
c) Xylem fibers
d) Xylem parenchyma
Answer: d) Xylem parenchyma
Explanation: Xylem parenchyma is the only living component of xylem tissue, and it plays a role in the storage of food and the sideways transport of water and minerals.
- Which part of the plant forms the periderm during secondary growth?
a) Epidermis
b) Cortex
c) Cork cambium
d) Phloem
Answer: c) Cork cambium
Explanation: The periderm, which replaces the epidermis during secondary growth, is produced by the cork cambium (phellogen). It consists of the cork (phellem), cork cambium, and phelloderm.
- Which tissue type is mainly involved in the transportation of food in plants?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Collenchyma
Answer: b) Phloem
Explanation: Phloem is responsible for transporting the products of photosynthesis (mainly sugars) from the leaves to other parts of the plant where they are used or stored.
- Which of the following cells are found in phloem but not in xylem?
a) Fibers
b) Tracheids
c) Sieve tubes
d) Parenchyma
Answer: c) Sieve tubes
Explanation: Sieve tubes are a characteristic component of phloem and are involved in the transport of sugars and other organic substances. Xylem contains tracheids but not sieve tubes.
- Which type of meristem is responsible for the elongation of roots and shoots?
a) Apical meristem
b) Lateral meristem
c) Intercalary meristem
d) Vascular cambium
Answer: a) Apical meristem
Explanation: Apical meristems are found at the tips of roots and shoots and are responsible for the primary growth, or elongation, of the plant body.
- Which of the following is NOT a component of xylem?
a) Tracheids
b) Vessels
c) Companion cells
d) Xylem parenchyma
Answer: c) Companion cells
Explanation: Companion cells are part of the phloem and help in the functioning of sieve tubes. Xylem contains tracheids, vessels, fibers, and parenchyma.
- The Casparian strip in the endodermis is composed of:
a) Lignin
b) Suberin
c) Pectin
d) Cellulose
Answer: b) Suberin
Explanation: The Casparian strip, present in the endodermal cells, is composed of suberin, a waxy substance that makes these cells impermeable to water, regulating the movement of water and minerals into the vascular tissue.
- Which of the following tissues forms the bulk of the wood in a tree?
a) Primary xylem
b) Secondary xylem
c) Phloem
d) Cork
Answer: b) Secondary xylem
Explanation: The secondary xylem, produced by the vascular cambium, constitutes the bulk of the wood in trees. It is responsible for water transport and provides structural support.
- Which tissue is responsible for the formation of annual rings in trees?
a) Epidermis
b) Cortex
c) Vascular cambium
d) Phloem
Answer: c) Vascular cambium
Explanation: The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem each year, and the differential growth during different seasons forms annual rings in the wood of trees.
- In monocot roots, vascular bundles are typically:
a) Conjoint
b) Radial
c) Collateral
d) Bicollateral
Answer: b) Radial
Explanation: In monocot roots, the vascular bundles are arranged in a radial manner, meaning that the xylem and phloem are located on separate radii.
- Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a monocot leaf?
a) Reticulate venation
b) Parallel venation
c) Open vascular bundles
d) Presence of cork cambium
Answer: b) Parallel venation
Explanation: Monocot leaves typically have parallel venation, in which the veins run parallel to each other from the base to the tip of the leaf.
- Which of the following tissues lacks lignin?
a) Collenchyma
b) Sclerenchyma
c) Xylem
d) Cork
Answer: a) Collenchyma
Explanation: Collenchyma cells have thickened cell walls due to cellulose and pectin, but they do not contain lignin. Sclerenchyma, xylem, and cork have lignified walls.
- Which type of root system is most commonly found in dicots?
a) Fibrous root system
b) Adventitious root system
c) Taproot system
d) Prop root system
Answer: c) Taproot system
Explanation: Dicots typically have a taproot system, where a single main root grows deep into the soil with lateral roots branching off it.
- Which tissue is known for providing flexible support to plant organs like stems and leaves?
a) Parenchyma
b) Collenchyma
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Xylem
Answer: b) Collenchyma
Explanation: Collenchyma provides flexible structural support to growing plant organs, such as stems and leaves, allowing them to bend without breaking.
- The cork cambium is responsible for the formation of:
a) Primary xylem
b) Cork and secondary cortex
c) Secondary phloem
d) Vascular bundles
Answer: b) Cork and secondary cortex
Explanation: Cork cambium (phellogen) produces cork (phellem) towards the outside and phelloderm (secondary cortex) towards the inside during secondary growth.
- The tissue responsible for the transport of organic nutrients in plants is:
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Parenchyma
Answer: b) Phloem
Explanation: Phloem is responsible for the transport of organic nutrients, mainly sucrose, from the leaves (where photosynthesis occurs) to other parts of the plant.
- Which cells are responsible for the transport of water in xylem?
a) Sieve tubes
b) Companion cells
c) Tracheids and vessels
d) Phloem fibers
Answer: c) Tracheids and vessels
Explanation: Tracheids and vessels are specialized cells in xylem that facilitate the transport of water and dissolved minerals from roots to shoots.
- The cambium that is involved in increasing the diameter of a stem or root is known as:
a) Apical meristem
b) Lateral meristem
c) Cork cambium
d) Intercalary meristem
Answer: b) Lateral meristem
Explanation: Lateral meristem, such as the vascular cambium and cork cambium, is involved in secondary growth, which increases the diameter of the stem and root.
- Which of the following is NOT a function of parenchyma cells?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Storage
c) Conduction of water
d) Wound healing
Answer: c) Conduction of water
Explanation: Parenchyma cells perform various functions such as storage, photosynthesis, and wound healing, but they do not conduct water. Water conduction is the function of xylem.
- Which tissue is formed during secondary growth?
a) Primary xylem
b) Primary phloem
c) Secondary xylem
d) Epidermis
Answer: c) Secondary xylem
Explanation: Secondary xylem is formed by the vascular cambium during secondary growth, which increases the thickness of stems and roots.
- Which of the following is NOT found in monocot stems?
a) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
b) Scattered vascular bundles
c) Closed vascular bundles
d) Presence of a ground tissue system
Answer: a) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Explanation: In monocot stems, vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue, whereas in dicot stems, they are arranged in a ring.
- In which plant organ would you find pericycle?
a) Leaf
b) Root
c) Flower
d) Stem
Answer: b) Root
Explanation: The pericycle is a layer of cells found in the roots, located just inside the endodermis. It plays a role in the formation of lateral roots.
- The presence of which structure distinguishes a dicot root from a monocot root?
a) Pith
b) Pericycle
c) Xylem and phloem
d) Radial vascular bundles
Answer: a) Pith
Explanation: In monocot roots, there is a large, well-developed pith, whereas in dicot roots, the pith is usually absent or very small.
Continuing with more questions to complete the set:
- Which of the following is characteristic of dicot leaves?
a) Parallel venation
b) Presence of guard cells
c) Reticulate venation
d) Absence of vascular tissue
Answer: c) Reticulate venation
Explanation: Dicot leaves typically exhibit reticulate venation, where the veins form a network, in contrast to monocot leaves, which show parallel venation.
- Which of the following structures is produced by cork cambium?
a) Phellem
b) Primary xylem
c) Phloem fibers
d) Root cap
Answer: a) Phellem
Explanation: Phellem, also known as cork, is produced by the cork cambium and forms a protective outer layer in plants undergoing secondary growth.
- Which of the following is a function of the vascular cambium?
a) Production of primary phloem
b) Formation of secondary xylem
c) Water absorption
d) Storage of food
Answer: b) Formation of secondary xylem
Explanation: The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem (wood) on the inside and secondary phloem on the outside during secondary growth in dicotyledonous plants.
- What kind of vascular bundles are present in dicot stems?
a) Collateral and open
b) Collateral and closed
c) Radial
d) Bicollateral
Answer: a) Collateral and open
Explanation: In dicot stems, the vascular bundles are collateral (xylem and phloem arranged on the same radius) and open, meaning they have a cambium layer between the xylem and phloem.
- In which of the following tissues are casparian strips found?
a) Epidermis
b) Endodermis
c) Pericycle
d) Pith
Answer: b) Endodermis
Explanation: Casparian strips are present in the endodermal cells of roots and prevent the passive flow of water and solutes into the vascular system, forcing selective absorption.
- The epidermis of the leaf is covered with a waxy layer called:
a) Cuticle
b) Phellem
c) Periderm
d) Endodermis
Answer: a) Cuticle
Explanation: The cuticle is a waxy layer secreted by the epidermis of leaves and stems. It helps reduce water loss by acting as a barrier to evaporation.
- Which cells surround the stomata and regulate their opening and closing?
a) Mesophyll cells
b) Guard cells
c) Trichomes
d) Epidermal cells
Answer: b) Guard cells
Explanation: Guard cells flank each stomatal pore and control its opening and closing by changing their turgidity, regulating gas exchange and transpiration.
- In a typical dicot stem, secondary growth occurs due to the activity of:
a) Apical meristem
b) Cork cambium
c) Vascular cambium
d) Endodermis
Answer: c) Vascular cambium
Explanation: Secondary growth in dicot stems is caused by the activity of the vascular cambium, which produces secondary xylem and phloem, increasing the girth of the plant.
- Which of the following tissues is responsible for transporting sugars throughout the plant?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Parenchyma
d) Sclerenchyma
Answer: b) Phloem
Explanation: Phloem is responsible for the transport of sugars (mainly sucrose) and other organic nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
- What is the function of collenchyma cells in plants?
a) Water transport
b) Structural support
c) Photosynthesis
d) Absorption of nutrients
Answer: b) Structural support
Explanation: Collenchyma cells have thickened cell walls and provide flexible structural support to growing regions of plants such as stems and leaves.
- Which of the following is NOT a type of meristematic tissue?
a) Apical meristem
b) Lateral meristem
c) Intercalary meristem
d) Epidermal tissue
Answer: d) Epidermal tissue
Explanation: Epidermal tissue is not meristematic; it is a protective layer covering the outer surfaces of leaves, stems, and roots. Apical, lateral, and intercalary meristems are responsible for plant growth.
- Which type of tissue is primarily involved in the conduction of water in plants?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Parenchyma
d) Collenchyma
Answer: a) Xylem
Explanation: Xylem is the vascular tissue responsible for the conduction of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the plant.
- Which meristematic tissue is responsible for the elongation of shoots?
a) Apical meristem
b) Lateral meristem
c) Intercalary meristem
d) Vascular cambium
Answer: a) Apical meristem
Explanation: Apical meristems, found at the tips of shoots and roots, are responsible for primary growth, which leads to the elongation of plant organs.
- In monocot stems, vascular bundles are:
a) Scattered throughout the stem
b) Arranged in a ring
c) Present only in the center
d) Radial
Answer: a) Scattered throughout the stem
Explanation: In monocot stems, the vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue, unlike in dicots, where they are arranged in a ring.
- Which tissue gives rise to lateral roots in dicot plants?
a) Pericycle
b) Endodermis
c) Epidermis
d) Phloem
Answer: a) Pericycle
Explanation: The pericycle, located just inside the endodermis in roots, is the tissue responsible for the initiation of lateral roots in dicot plants.
- Which of the following is a feature of sclerenchyma tissue?
a) Living cells with thick walls
b) Dead cells with lignified walls
c) Thin-walled, flexible cells
d) Cells involved in food storage
Answer: b) Dead cells with lignified walls
Explanation: Sclerenchyma cells are dead at maturity, and their thick, lignified cell walls provide structural support to the plant.
- In which part of a plant would you expect to find apical meristems?
a) The center of the stem
b) The root tip and shoot tip
c) The sides of the stem
d) The nodes
Answer: b) The root tip and shoot tip
Explanation: Apical meristems are located at the tips of roots and shoots and are responsible for the primary growth of the plant, causing an increase in length.
- Which layer of cells is responsible for forming the outer bark of trees?
a) Epidermis
b) Endodermis
c) Cork cambium
d) Vascular cambium
Answer: c) Cork cambium
Explanation: The cork cambium (phellogen) produces cork (phellem) on the outer side, which forms the protective outer bark of trees.
- Which type of vascular bundle is found in monocot stems?
a) Collateral and open
b) Collateral and closed
c) Bicollateral
d) Radial
Answer: b) Collateral and closed
Explanation: In monocot stems, the vascular bundles are collateral (xylem and phloem on the same radius) and closed, meaning they lack a cambium, thus preventing secondary growth.
- Which tissue is responsible for the secondary thickening of roots and stems?
a) Epidermis
b) Apical meristem
c) Vascular cambium
d) Endodermis
Answer: c) Vascular cambium
Explanation: The vascular cambium is responsible for the secondary thickening of roots and stems through the production of secondary xylem and secondary phloem.
- The water-conducting cells in xylem that have pits but no perforations are:
a) Tracheids
b) Vessels
c) Companion cells
d) Sieve tubes
Answer: a) Tracheids
Explanation: Tracheids are water-conducting cells in xylem that have tapered ends and are connected through pits, but they do not have perforations like vessel elements.
- Which structure provides protection to the root tip as it grows through the soil?
a) Root hair
b) Endodermis
c) Root cap
d) Pericycle
Answer: c) Root cap
Explanation: The root cap protects the growing root tip as it pushes through the soil. It also secretes mucilage to lubricate the passage of the root.
- What is the main function of the endodermis in the root?
a) Gas exchange
b) Protection from herbivores
c) Control of water and nutrient entry into the xylem
d) Support
Answer: c) Control of water and nutrient entry into the xylem
Explanation: The endodermis contains the Casparian strip, which regulates the passage of water and nutrients into the xylem, ensuring selective uptake of essential minerals.
- The secondary growth in plants leads to the formation of:
a) Epidermis
b) Secondary xylem and phloem
c) Primary xylem and phloem
d) Apical meristem
Answer: b) Secondary xylem and phloem
Explanation: Secondary growth, which is caused by the activity of the vascular cambium, leads to the formation of secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem, increasing the girth of stems and roots.
- Which plant tissue is most commonly involved in photosynthesis?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Mesophyll
d) Collenchyma
Answer: c) Mesophyll
Explanation: Mesophyll cells, found in the leaf between the upper and lower epidermis, contain chloroplasts and are primarily responsible for photosynthesis.
- Which meristem is responsible for the production of secondary vascular tissue?
a) Apical meristem
b) Cork cambium
c) Vascular cambium
d) Intercalary meristem
Answer: c) Vascular cambium
Explanation: The vascular cambium is responsible for the production of secondary xylem and secondary phloem, which contribute to the thickening of the plant stem and root during secondary growth.
- Which tissue in plants provides mechanical support and consists of thickened, lignified cells?
a) Parenchyma
b) Collenchyma
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Xylem
Answer: c) Sclerenchyma
Explanation: Sclerenchyma consists of dead cells with thick, lignified walls that provide mechanical support and strength to the plant body.
- The tissue that connects xylem and phloem in a vascular bundle is called:
a) Pericycle
b) Cambium
c) Endodermis
d) Parenchyma
Answer: b) Cambium
Explanation: The cambium, particularly the vascular cambium, is a meristematic tissue that lies between xylem and phloem in vascular bundles and is responsible for producing secondary xylem and phloem.
- The secondary xylem formed in roots during secondary growth is produced by:
a) Apical meristem
b) Lateral meristem
c) Vascular cambium
d) Pericycle
Answer: c) Vascular cambium
Explanation: The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem during secondary growth, increasing the thickness of roots and stems.
- In dicot roots, the vascular bundles are:
a) Collateral
b) Bicollateral
c) Radial
d) Conjoint
Answer: c) Radial
Explanation: In dicot roots, the vascular bundles are arranged in a radial manner, with xylem and phloem located on different radii.
- Which cells are responsible for the storage of food and water in plants?
a) Sclerenchyma
b) Parenchyma
c) Collenchyma
d) Tracheids
Answer: b) Parenchyma
Explanation: Parenchyma cells are living, thin-walled cells that are primarily involved in storage of food, water, and other substances, as well as in photosynthesis and wound healing.
- Which tissue is commonly found in the vascular bundles of monocot stems?
a) Open vascular bundles
b) Closed vascular bundles
c) Radial vascular bundles
d) Bicollateral vascular bundles
Answer: b) Closed vascular bundles
Explanation: In monocot stems, vascular bundles are closed, meaning they lack a cambium, thus preventing the formation of secondary xylem and phloem.
- Which of the following is NOT found in monocot roots?
a) Pith
b) Radial vascular bundles
c) Large number of xylem and phloem bundles
d) Collateral vascular bundles
Answer: d) Collateral vascular bundles
Explanation: In monocot roots, the vascular bundles are radial, not collateral. Radial bundles have xylem and phloem arranged on separate radii.
- The protective layer that forms as a result of secondary growth in dicots is called:
a) Epidermis
b) Phellem
c) Endodermis
d) Parenchyma
Answer: b) Phellem
Explanation: Phellem, also known as cork, is produced by the cork cambium and forms a protective outer layer during secondary growth.
- Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of xylem vessels?
a) Dead cells at maturity
b) Lignified cell walls
c) Presence of perforations
d) Presence of sieve plates
Answer: d) Presence of sieve plates
Explanation: Sieve plates are found in sieve tubes, which are part of the phloem. Xylem vessels are dead at maturity, have lignified walls, and contain perforations to allow water flow between cells.
- Which of the following tissues is involved in gas exchange in the plant stem?
a) Tracheids
b) Lenticels
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Phloem
Answer: b) Lenticels
Explanation: Lenticels are small openings in the bark of stems that allow gas exchange between the internal tissues of the stem and the outside atmosphere.
- Which part of the root absorbs water and nutrients from the soil?
a) Root cap
b) Root hairs
c) Pericycle
d) Xylem
Answer: b) Root hairs
Explanation: Root hairs are thin extensions of epidermal cells that increase the surface area of the root, allowing it to absorb more water and nutrients from the soil.
- Which of the following tissues is commonly found in dicot stems but not in monocot stems?
a) Secondary phloem
b) Epidermis
c) Parenchyma
d) Vascular cambium
Answer: d) Vascular cambium
Explanation: Dicot stems have a vascular cambium that allows for secondary growth, while monocot stems generally lack a vascular cambium, preventing secondary growth.
- The tissue that forms the wood in trees is:
a) Secondary xylem
b) Secondary phloem
c) Cork
d) Primary xylem
Answer: a) Secondary xylem
Explanation: Wood is primarily made up of secondary xylem, which is produced by the vascular cambium during secondary growth.
- Which layer of cells gives rise to the lateral roots in plants?
a) Cortex
b) Pericycle
c) Epidermis
d) Phloem
Answer: b) Pericycle
Explanation: The pericycle, a layer of cells found just inside the endodermis of roots, is responsible for the initiation and development of lateral roots.
- Which of the following is NOT a function of parenchyma cells?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Storage
c) Structural support
d) Gas exchange
Answer: c) Structural support
Explanation: Parenchyma cells are primarily involved in storage, photosynthesis, and gas exchange. Structural support is mainly provided by sclerenchyma and collenchyma.
- The vascular bundles in dicot stems are arranged in:
a) A scattered manner
b) A ring
c) A radial manner
d) An irregular pattern
Answer: b) A ring
Explanation: In dicot stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring, with xylem towards the inside and phloem towards the outside.
- Which of the following tissues is responsible for the increase in girth of the stem and root?
a) Apical meristem
b) Vascular cambium
c) Epidermis
d) Endodermis
Answer: b) Vascular cambium
Explanation: The vascular cambium is responsible for secondary growth, which increases the girth of stems and roots by producing secondary xylem and phloem.
- Which tissue is responsible for water transport in flowering plants?
a) Phloem
b) Xylem
c) Epidermis
d) Pericycle
Answer: b) Xylem
Explanation: Xylem is the vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the plant.
- The part of the leaf that is primarily involved in photosynthesis is the:
a) Mesophyll
b) Epidermis
c) Xylem
d) Phloem
Answer: a) Mesophyll
Explanation: Mesophyll cells in the leaf contain chloroplasts and are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
- In dicot roots, the xylem and phloem are arranged in:
a) A ring
b) A radial pattern
c) Scattered bundles
d) Concentric circles
Answer: b) A radial pattern
Explanation: In dicot roots, xylem and phloem are arranged in a radial pattern, with xylem in the center and phloem located between the arms of the xylem.
- Which of the following tissues is responsible for the conduction of food in plants?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Pericycle
d) Collenchyma
Answer: b) Phloem
Explanation: Phloem is responsible for the transport of food, primarily sugars produced during photosynthesis, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
- Which tissue is responsible for the formation of wood in trees?
a) Primary xylem
b) Secondary xylem
c) Secondary phloem
d) Cork cambium
Answer: b) Secondary xylem
Explanation: Wood in trees is composed of secondary xylem, which is produced by the vascular cambium during secondary growth.
- Which part of the plant contains the Casparian strip?
a) Root hair
b) Endodermis
c) Cortex
d) Pericycle
Answer: b) Endodermis
Explanation: The Casparian strip is found in the endodermis of roots and regulates the flow of water and nutrients into the vascular system.
- Which type of meristem is found at the growing tips of stems and roots?
a) Lateral meristem
b) Apical meristem
c) Intercalary meristem
d) Vascular cambium
Answer: b) Apical meristem
Explanation: Apical meristems are located at the tips of stems and roots and are responsible for primary growth, which increases the length of the plant.
- Which tissue provides mechanical support and is composed of dead cells?
a) Parenchyma
b) Collenchyma
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Epidermis
Answer: c) Sclerenchyma
Explanation: Sclerenchyma provides mechanical support to plants and is composed of dead cells with thick, lignified cell walls.
- Which of the following is the main function of root hairs?
a) Protection of the root tip
b) Absorption of water and nutrients
c) Storage of food
d) Gas exchange
Answer: b) Absorption of water and nutrients
Explanation: Root hairs are responsible for absorbing water and minerals from the soil, increasing the surface area of the root for more efficient uptake.
- Which type of vascular tissue is involved in the transport of organic nutrients in plants?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Collenchyma
d) Parenchyma
Answer: b) Phloem
Explanation: Phloem transports organic nutrients, mainly sugars produced by photosynthesis, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
- Which layer of the plant root regulates the movement of substances into the vascular tissue?
a) Epidermis
b) Cortex
c) Endodermis
d) Pericycle
Answer: c) Endodermis
Explanation: The endodermis, with its Casparian strip, regulates the entry of water and minerals into the vascular tissue, ensuring selective absorption.
- Which type of cells are elongated, flexible, and provide support to growing parts of the plant?
a) Parenchyma
b) Collenchyma
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Xylem vessels
Answer: b) Collenchyma
Explanation: Collenchyma cells have thickened cell walls and provide flexible structural support to growing regions of the plant, such as young stems and leaves.
- Which tissue is primarily responsible for the production of bark?
a) Vascular cambium
b) Cork cambium
c) Xylem
d) Phloem
Answer: b) Cork cambium
Explanation: The cork cambium, or phellogen, produces cork (phellem) and phelloderm, which together form the bark of the tree.
- Which of the following cells contain chloroplasts and are involved in photosynthesis?
a) Parenchyma cells
b) Collenchyma cells
c) Sclerenchyma cells
d) Guard cells
Answer: d) Guard cells
Explanation: Guard cells surrounding stomata contain chloroplasts and are involved in regulating gas exchange and photosynthesis.
- Which type of meristem is responsible for the increase in length of plant stems?
a) Apical meristem
b) Lateral meristem
c) Intercalary meristem
d) Vascular cambium
Answer: a) Apical meristem
Explanation: Apical meristems, located at the tips of stems and roots, are responsible for primary growth, which increases the length of the plant.
- Which part of the root is responsible for the production of lateral roots?
a) Endodermis
b) Pericycle
c) Cortex
d) Phloem
Answer: b) Pericycle
Explanation: Lateral roots arise from the pericycle, a layer of cells located just inside the endodermis of roots.
- Which type of vascular bundle is typical of monocot stems?
a) Collateral and open
b) Collateral and closed
c) Bicollateral
d) Radial
Answer: b) Collateral and closed
Explanation: In monocot stems, vascular bundles are collateral and closed, meaning they lack a cambium, preventing secondary growth
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