NEET 2025 MCQ with Answer Explanation : “Anatomy of flowering plants”.

Here below some basic MCQ’s of “Anatomy of flowering plants” with answer which is explained in details. Let’s check one by one which is given below.

1. What type of vascular bundles are found in monocot stems?
   a) Radial
   b) Conjoint, collateral, closed
   c) Conjoint, collateral, open
   d) Bicollateral

Answer: b) Conjoint, collateral, closed

Explanation: In monocot stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a conjoint, collateral, and closed manner. This means that the xylem and phloem are present on the same radius, with phloem towards the outside and xylem towards the inside. Closed means there is no cambium, which prevents secondary growth.

2. Which of the following tissues is responsible for the growth in girth of dicot plants?
   a) Apical meristem
   b) Lateral meristem
   c) Intercalary meristem
   d) Parenchyma

Answer: b) Lateral meristem

Explanation: The lateral meristem, such as the vascular cambium and cork cambium, is responsible for secondary growth, which leads to an increase in the girth of the plant. This is common in dicot plants.

3. Which of the following cells provides mechanical support in plants?
   a) Parenchyma
   b) Sclerenchyma
   c) Collenchyma
   d) Xylem vessels

Answer: b) Sclerenchyma

Explanation: Sclerenchyma cells have thick, lignified walls and provide mechanical support to the plant. These cells are usually dead at maturity and are found in regions of the plant that need structural strength.

4. In which type of plant tissue would you find sieve tubes and companion cells?
   a) Xylem
   b) Phloem
   c) Parenchyma
   d) Collenchyma

Answer: b) Phloem

Explanation: Sieve tubes and companion cells are components of phloem tissue. Sieve tubes are responsible for the transport of organic nutrients, primarily sucrose, while companion cells help maintain the metabolic functions of the sieve tubes.

5. What is the main function of the endodermis in the roots?
   a) Storage of food
   b) Conduction of water
   c) Regulation of water and mineral uptake
   d) Photosynthesis

Answer: c) Regulation of water and mineral uptake

Explanation: The endodermis, which surrounds the vascular bundle in roots, contains a waterproof Casparian strip that controls the movement of water and dissolved minerals into the xylem, ensuring selective absorption of nutrients.

6. Which tissue is referred to as the ‘wood’ of the plant?
   a) Xylem
   b) Phloem
   c) Collenchyma
   d) Parenchyma

Answer: a) Xylem

Explanation: The secondary xylem formed during secondary growth in woody plants becomes wood. It provides mechanical support and conducts water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

7. Which of the following is characteristic of dicot roots?
   a) Polyarch xylem
   b) Radial vascular bundles
   c) Conjoint vascular bundles
   d) Scattered vascular bundles

Answer: b) Radial vascular bundles

Explanation: In dicot roots, the xylem and phloem are arranged in separate bundles along different radii of the root, forming a radial arrangement, which is a distinguishing feature of dicot roots.

8. What type of cells form the bulk of ground tissue in plants?
   a) Collenchyma
   b) Sclerenchyma
   c) Parenchyma
   d) Xylem

Answer: c) Parenchyma

Explanation: Parenchyma cells are the most common and versatile cell type in plants, forming the bulk of the ground tissue. They are involved in various functions such as storage, photosynthesis, and wound repair.

9. In which part of the plant is intercalary meristem commonly found?
   a) Roots
   b) Leaf tips
   c) Nodes
   d) Stem apex

Answer: c) Nodes

Explanation: Intercalary meristems are commonly found at the base of nodes and leaf blades in monocots, allowing for rapid growth of these regions, especially in grasses.

10. Which part of the root is responsible for water absorption?
    a) Root cap
    b) Cortex
    c) Root hairs
    d) Xylem

Answer: c) Root hairs

Explanation: Root hairs, which are extensions of epidermal cells, increase the surface area of the root and are primarily responsible for absorbing water and dissolved minerals from the soil.