- Which of the following states the principle of equipartition of energy?
A) Each degree of freedom of a molecule contributes equally to its internal energy.
B) Only translational motion contributes to internal energy.
C) Potential energy is negligible in gases.
D) All gas molecules have the same speed.
Answer: A) Each degree of freedom of a molecule contributes equally to its internal energy.
- The concept of mean free path refers to:
A) The average distance traveled by a gas molecule between collisions.
B) The total distance traveled by a gas molecule in a given time.
C) The distance a gas can expand without any external pressure.
D) The distance between two successive gas particles in a container.
Answer: A) The average distance traveled by a gas molecule between collisions.
Explanation: Mean free path is a key concept in kinetic theory, representing the average distance a molecule travels before colliding with another molecule.
- According to the kinetic theory, which of the following factors does NOT affect the pressure exerted by a gas?
A) Temperature.
B) Volume.
C) The number of molecules.
D) The color of the gas.
Answer: D) The color of the gas.
Explanation: The pressure exerted by a gas is influenced by temperature, volume, and the number of molecules, but the color of the gas has no effect.
- The distribution of speeds of gas molecules can be influenced by which of the following?
A) Temperature.
B) Pressure.
C) Molar mass.
D) All of the above.
Answer: D) All of the above.
Explanation: The distribution of molecular speeds is affected by temperature, pressure, and molar mass, influencing how gas behaves.
- If the temperature of a gas is increased while keeping its volume constant, what happens to its pressure?
A) It decreases.
B) It remains the same.
C) It increases.
D) It becomes zero.
Answer: C) It increases.
Explanation: According to Gay-Lussac’s Law, if the temperature increases at constant volume, the pressure of the gas increases.
- In an ideal gas, the internal energy is a function of:
A) Volume and pressure.
B) Temperature only.
C) Pressure only.
D) Volume only.
Answer: B) Temperature only.
Explanation: For an ideal gas, the internal energy is directly proportional to temperature and is independent of volume and pressure.
- What happens to the speed of gas molecules if the temperature is decreased?
A) Speed increases.
B) Speed remains the same.
C) Speed decreases.
D) Speed becomes zero.
Answer: C) Speed decreases.
Explanation: Lowering the temperature reduces the average kinetic energy of gas molecules, thereby decreasing their speed.
- Which law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature?
A) Charles’s Law.
B) Boyle’s Law.
C) Avogadro’s Law.
D) Dalton’s Law.
Answer: B) Boyle’s Law.
Explanation: Boyle’s Law establishes the inverse relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas at constant temperature.
- What is the primary reason for the deviation of real gases from ideal behavior at high pressures?
A) Increased intermolecular forces.
B) Decreased intermolecular forces.
C) Increased temperature.
D) Decreased volume.
Answer: A) Increased intermolecular forces.
Explanation: At high pressures, the volume occupied by gas molecules becomes significant, and intermolecular forces cause deviations from ideal behavior.
- The speed of sound in a gas increases with:
A) Increasing molar mass.
B) Decreasing temperature.
C) Increasing temperature.
D) Decreasing pressure.
Answer: C) Increasing temperature.
Explanation: The speed of sound in a gas increases as the temperature rises because the kinetic energy of molecules increases.
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