- In a real gas, the presence of intermolecular forces results in:
A) Increased pressure.
B) Decreased volume.
C) Deviation from ideal behavior.
D) Constant temperature.
Answer: C) Deviation from ideal behavior.
Explanation: Intermolecular forces in real gases cause deviations from the ideal gas law predictions, particularly under high pressure and low temperature.
- What effect does increasing the temperature of a gas have on its internal energy?
A) It remains constant.
B) It decreases.
C) It increases.
D) It becomes zero.
Answer: C) It increases.
Explanation: Increasing the temperature of a gas increases the kinetic energy of its molecules, thereby increasing its internal energy.
- The term “partial pressure” refers to:
A) The pressure of an ideal gas only.
B) The total pressure exerted by all gases in a mixture.
C) The pressure exerted by a single component in a mixture of gases.
D) The pressure change during a gas expansion.
Answer: C) The pressure exerted by a single component in a mixture of gases.
Explanation: Partial pressure is the pressure contributed by a single gas in a mixture, according to Dalton’s Law.
- In a closed container, if the temperature of the gas is increased, which of the following is likely to happen?
A) The volume increases.
B) The pressure decreases.
C) The density decreases.
D) All of the above.
Answer: C) The density decreases.
Explanation: Increasing the temperature of a gas in a closed container leads to increased pressure, but since density is mass/volume and the volume tends to increase, the density will decrease.
- The primary factor that determines the diffusion rate of a gas is:
A) Pressure.
B) Temperature.
C) Molar mass.
D) Volume.
Answer: C) Molar mass.
Explanation: According to Graham’s Law, the diffusion rate of a gas is inversely related to the square root of its molar mass.
- Which of the following describes the phenomenon of “Brownian motion”?
A) Movement of gas molecules due to pressure differences.
B) Random motion of particles suspended in a fluid.
C) Uniform motion of gas in a container.
D) Flow of gas due to thermal gradients.
Answer: B) Random motion of particles suspended in a fluid.
Explanation: Brownian motion refers to the erratic and random movement of particles in a fluid due to collisions with fast-moving molecules.
- The compressibility factor (Z) of a gas is defined as:
A) The ratio of actual volume to ideal volume.
B) The ratio of ideal pressure to actual pressure.
C) The ratio of actual pressure to ideal pressure.
D) The ratio of ideal temperature to actual temperature.
Answer: A) The ratio of actual volume to ideal volume.
- What happens to the density of a gas if the temperature is increased at constant pressure?
A) It increases.
B) It decreases.
C) It remains constant.
D) It becomes zero.
Answer: B) It decreases.
Explanation: Increasing the temperature at constant pressure causes the gas to expand, resulting in a decrease in density.
- The law of conservation of energy states that:
A) Energy can be created.
B) Energy can be destroyed.
C) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
D) Energy can only be converted to heat.
Answer: C) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
Explanation: The law of conservation of energy asserts that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant, but can change forms.
- Which of the following describes the behavior of gases when subjected to temperature changes?
A) They undergo phase changes.
B) They change volume and pressure according to gas laws.
C) Their molecular structure alters significantly.
D) They become liquid at any temperature.
Answer: B) They change volume and pressure according to gas laws.
Explanation: Gases will change their volume and pressure in response to temperature changes, as described by the gas laws.
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