- In which structure does the fertilized egg implant and grow during pregnancy?
a) Ovary
b) Fallopian tube
c) Uterus
d) Vagina
Answer: c) Uterus
Explanation:
The fertilized egg (blastocyst) implants into the endometrium of the uterus, where it continues to grow and develop into an embryo and later a fetus.
- What is the primary function of progesterone during pregnancy?
a) Stimulating uterine contractions
b) Maintaining the uterine lining
c) Promoting lactation
d) Initiating ovulation
Answer: b) Maintaining the uterine lining
Explanation:
Progesterone is crucial for maintaining the uterine lining (endometrium) throughout pregnancy, ensuring a suitable environment for the embryo’s growth and preventing menstruation.
- Which of the following happens after the fusion of the sperm and egg nuclei?
a) Formation of the morula
b) Formation of a diploid zygote
c) Formation of the blastocyst
d) Initiation of organogenesis
Answer: b) Formation of a diploid zygote
Explanation:
Once the sperm and egg nuclei fuse, they form a diploid zygote, which is the first cell of the new organism. This zygote will undergo successive cell divisions and eventually develop into a blastocyst.
- During which part of the menstrual cycle is the endometrium thickest?
a) Menstrual phase
b) Follicular phase
c) Luteal phase
d) Ovulation phase
Answer: c) Luteal phase
Explanation:
The endometrium is thickest during the luteal phase, which occurs after ovulation. The corpus luteum produces progesterone, which stimulates the endometrial glands to secrete nutrients, preparing the uterus for a possible pregnancy.
- Which of the following structures in the male reproductive system provides nourishment to sperm?
a) Prostate gland
b) Seminal vesicles
c) Epididymis
d) Cowper’s gland
Answer: b) Seminal vesicles
Explanation:
The seminal vesicles secrete a fluid rich in fructose and other nutrients, which provides nourishment to sperm and forms the majority of the ejaculatory fluid. This fluid also helps in sperm motility.
- Which hormone is responsible for the onset of labor contractions?
a) Prolactin
b) Oxytocin
c) Estrogen
d) Progesterone
Answer: b) Oxytocin
Explanation:
Oxytocin, produced by the posterior pituitary gland, stimulates powerful uterine contractions during labor. It is often referred to as the “birth hormone” and plays a key role in the delivery process.
- Which of the following layers of the uterus is shed during menstruation?
a) Myometrium
b) Endometrium
c) Perimetrium
d) Epimetrium
Answer: b) Endometrium
Explanation:
The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus that thickens during the menstrual cycle in preparation for a fertilized egg. If pregnancy does not occur, the endometrium is shed during menstruation.
- Which hormone is primarily responsible for the thickening of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
d) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Answer: a) Estrogen
Explanation:
Estrogen, secreted by the growing ovarian follicles, promotes the thickening of the endometrial lining during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. This prepares the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.
- Which of the following is NOT part of the male reproductive system?
a) Epididymis
b) Vas deferens
c) Seminal vesicle
d) Fallopian tube
Answer: d) Fallopian tube
Explanation:
The fallopian tubes are part of the female reproductive system, where fertilization typically occurs. The male reproductive system includes structures like the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles.
- The hormone responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum during early pregnancy is:
a) Progesterone
b) Estrogen
c) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
d) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Answer: d) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Explanation:
hCG is produced by the developing embryo after implantation. It maintains the corpus luteum, which continues to produce progesterone, supporting the pregnancy until the placenta takes over hormone production.
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