- Which of the following hormones triggers ovulation?
a) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
b) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
c) Progesterone
d) Estrogen
Answer: b) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Explanation:
The LH surge triggers ovulation, causing the mature ovarian follicle to release the egg. LH also promotes the formation of the corpus luteum from the ruptured follicle.
- The cells that produce testosterone in the testes are:
a) Sertoli cells
b) Leydig cells
c) Spermatogonia
d) Granulosa cells
Answer: b) Leydig cells
Explanation:
Leydig cells, located in the interstitial tissue of the testes, are responsible for the production of testosterone, which is essential for spermatogenesis and the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
- Which of the following is NOT a function of the human placenta?
a) Exchange of nutrients and gases
b) Production of progesterone
c) Elimination of fetal waste
d) Production of sperm
Answer: d) Production of sperm
Explanation:
The placenta functions in nutrient and gas exchange, production of hormones like progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and elimination of fetal waste, but it is not involved in sperm production, which occurs in the male testes.
- The developing embryo is implanted into the uterus at which stage?
a) Zygote
b) Morula
c) Blastocyst
d) Gastrula
Answer: c) Blastocyst
Explanation:
Implantation occurs when the blastocyst, which is a hollow ball of cells, attaches to and embeds itself into the uterine wall (endometrium). This is a critical step in the establishment of pregnancy.
- Which part of the sperm contains mitochondria?
a) Head
b) Acrosome
c) Middle piece
d) Tail
Answer: c) Middle piece
Explanation:
The middle piece of the sperm contains numerous mitochondria, which generate the energy (ATP) required for sperm motility, enabling the sperm to swim towards the egg for fertilization.
- Which of the following structures produces estrogen in females?
a) Corpus luteum
b) Pituitary gland
c) Graafian follicle
d) Fallopian tube
Answer: c) Graafian follicle
Explanation:
The Graafian follicle, which is a mature ovarian follicle, produces estrogen. Estrogen helps in the proliferation of the endometrium and also regulates the menstrual cycle and female secondary sexual characteristics.
- Which of the following layers forms the fetal part of the placenta?
a) Endometrium
b) Chorion
c) Amnion
d) Myometrium
Answer: b) Chorion
Explanation:
The chorion is the outermost fetal membrane and forms the fetal part of the placenta. It is involved in nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and fetus.
- The hormone detected in pregnancy tests is:
a) Progesterone
b) Estrogen
c) hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
d) LH
Answer: c) hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
Explanation:
hCG is a hormone produced by the trophoblast cells of the developing embryo shortly after implantation. It is the hormone detected by pregnancy tests and helps maintain the corpus luteum, ensuring the continued production of progesterone during early pregnancy.
- Which structure stores the sperm before ejaculation?
a) Vas deferens
b) Testes
c) Epididymis
d) Seminal vesicles
Answer: c) Epididymis
Explanation:
The epididymis stores mature sperm until ejaculation. It also serves as a site for sperm maturation, where they gain the ability to swim and fertilize an egg.
- Which of the following events marks the beginning of the menstrual phase?
a) Development of the corpus luteum
b) Ovulation
c) Shedding of the endometrium
d) Release of progesterone
Answer: c) Shedding of the endometrium
Explanation:
The menstrual phase begins with the shedding of the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) due to a drop in progesterone and estrogen levels, marking the beginning of a new menstrual cycle.
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