- The process by which sperm is released from the testes into the vas deferens is known as:
a) Spermiogenesis
b) Spermiation
c) Spermatogenesis
d) Capacitation
Answer: b) Spermiation
Explanation:
Spermiation is the process by which mature spermatozoa are released from the Sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, from where they move to the epididymis and later enter the vas deferens.
- Which of the following enzymes helps sperm penetrate the zona pellucida of the ovum?
a) Amylase
b) Hyaluronidase
c) DNAse
d) Pepsin
Answer: b) Hyaluronidase
Explanation:
Hyaluronidase is an enzyme released from the sperm’s acrosome that helps digest the extracellular matrix surrounding the egg, including the zona pellucida, thus allowing the sperm to penetrate the egg during fertilization.
- The period when the embryo is most susceptible to the effects of teratogens is during:
a) Fertilization
b) Organogenesis
c) Implantation
d) Gastrulation
Answer: b) Organogenesis
Explanation:
The embryo is most susceptible to teratogens during organogenesis, which is the period of rapid cell differentiation and organ formation, typically occurring during the first trimester (especially weeks 3 to 8).
- Which of the following structures secretes progesterone after ovulation?
a) Follicle
b) Endometrium
c) Corpus luteum
d) Oviduct
Answer: c) Corpus luteum
Explanation:
After ovulation, the remaining follicle cells transform into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. Progesterone is essential for maintaining the endometrium and supporting early pregnancy.
- What is the primary role of oxytocin during lactation?
a) Stimulating milk production
b) Inhibiting prolactin secretion
c) Stimulating milk ejection
d) Stimulating breast growth
Answer: c) Stimulating milk ejection
Explanation:
Oxytocin is responsible for the milk ejection reflex (or let-down reflex) during lactation. When the baby suckles, oxytocin causes the smooth muscles around the mammary glands to contract, ejecting milk through the nipple.
- Which part of the sperm contains enzymes that assist in penetrating the egg during fertilization?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Acrosome
d) Tail
Answer: c) Acrosome
Explanation:
The acrosome is a cap-like structure at the head of the sperm, which contains enzymes (such as hyaluronidase) that help the sperm penetrate the egg’s protective layer (zona pellucida) during fertilization.
- The morula stage in embryonic development is characterized by:
a) A single cell
b) A hollow ball of cells
c) A solid ball of cells
d) Formation of three germ layers
Answer: c) A solid ball of cells
Explanation:
The morula is a solid ball of cells formed by successive cleavage divisions after the zygote stage. It later develops into a blastocyst, which contains a fluid-filled cavity and distinct cellular layers.
- Which of the following events takes place during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
a) Ovulation
b) Corpus luteum formation
c) Endometrial shedding
d) Follicular maturation
Answer: d) Follicular maturation
Explanation:
The follicular phase is characterized by the maturation of ovarian follicles under the influence of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone). It culminates in ovulation, where the mature follicle releases the egg.
- Which of the following is the primary site of fertilization in humans?
a) Uterus
b) Ovary
c) Fallopian tube
d) Cervix
Answer: c) Fallopian tube
Explanation:
Fertilization in humans typically occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, which is the widest section of the tube. The fertilized egg then travels to the uterus for implantation.
- The hormone responsible for milk production during lactation is:
a) Oxytocin
b) Estrogen
c) Progesterone
d) Prolactin
Answer: d) Prolactin
Explanation:
Prolactin is the hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands after childbirth. It works in conjunction with oxytocin, which facilitates milk ejection.
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