- What is the function of the acrosome in sperm?
a) Protects sperm from the acidic environment of the vagina
b) Contains enzymes to penetrate the egg
c) Provides energy for sperm motility
d) Maintains sperm shape
Answer: b) Contains enzymes to penetrate the egg
Explanation:
The acrosome, located at the tip of the sperm head, contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest the zona pellucida of the egg, allowing the sperm to penetrate and fertilize the ovum.
- Which hormone stimulates milk production after childbirth?
a) Progesterone
b) Oxytocin
c) Prolactin
d) LH
Answer: c) Prolactin
Explanation:
Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands after childbirth. Oxytocin aids in milk ejection, while progesterone and LH are not directly involved in lactation.
- At what stage of embryonic development does implantation occur?
a) Zygote
b) Morula
c) Blastocyst
d) Gastrula
Answer: c) Blastocyst
Explanation:
Implantation of the embryo in the uterus occurs at the blastocyst stage, about 5-7 days after fertilization. The blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall and begins the process of embedding into the endometrium.
- Which of the following structures forms the placenta?
a) Chorion and endometrium
b) Chorion and amnion
c) Allantois and yolk sac
d) Amnion and yolk sac
Answer: a) Chorion and endometrium
Explanation:
The placenta is formed by the interaction between the chorion (fetal tissue) and the endometrium (maternal tissue). It facilitates the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste between the mother and the fetus.
- Which of the following assists in the descent of testes into the scrotum?
a) Sertoli cells
b) Gubernaculum
c) Vas deferens
d) Epididymis
Answer: b) Gubernaculum
Explanation:
The gubernaculum is a fibrous structure that helps in the descent of the testes from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum during fetal development, a process essential for normal sperm production in males.
- The inner cell mass of the blastocyst gives rise to which of the following?
a) Placenta
b) Trophoblast
c) Embryo
d) Chorion
Answer: c) Embryo
Explanation:
The inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst develops into the embryo. The trophoblast cells form the outer layer, which contributes to the placenta.
- Which of the following structures is derived from the ectoderm?
a) Nervous system
b) Muscular system
c) Digestive system
d) Circulatory system
Answer: a) Nervous system
Explanation:
The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, as well as the skin. The muscular and circulatory systems are derived from the mesoderm, while the digestive system comes from the endoderm.
- How many sperms are produced from one primary spermatocyte?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: d) 4
Explanation:
One primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid sperm cells. Meiosis I results in two secondary spermatocytes, and meiosis II results in four spermatids, which differentiate into mature sperm.
- Which hormone primarily controls the menstrual cycle in females?
a) Testosterone
b) Insulin
c) Estrogen and progesterone
d) Adrenaline
Answer: c) Estrogen and progesterone
Explanation:
Estrogen and progesterone regulate the menstrual cycle. Estrogen helps in the proliferation of the endometrial lining, while progesterone maintains it in preparation for a potential pregnancy. A drop in these hormones leads to menstruation.
- Which of the following structures develops into the male reproductive ducts?
a) Müllerian ducts
b) Wolffian ducts
c) Cloaca
d) Urachus
Answer: b) Wolffian ducts
Explanation:
The Wolffian ducts (mesonephric ducts) develop into the male reproductive structures, including the vas deferens and epididymis. In females, the Müllerian ducts develop into reproductive structures like the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper part of the vagina.
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