- In which part of the male reproductive system does spermatogenesis take place?
a) Epididymis
b) Vas deferens
c) Seminal vesicle
d) Seminiferous tubules
Answer: d) Seminiferous tubules
Explanation:
Spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production, occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The tubules contain germ cells that undergo division and differentiation to form spermatozoa.
- The structure that helps the sperm penetrate the egg during fertilization is:
a) Flagellum
b) Acrosome
c) Nucleus
d) Mitochondria
Answer: b) Acrosome
Explanation:
The acrosome is a cap-like structure covering the head of the sperm that contains enzymes such as hyaluronidase. These enzymes help break down the outer layers of the egg, allowing the sperm to penetrate the egg and fertilize it.
- Which of the following is the function of the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle?
a) To release the egg
b) To produce FSH
c) To secrete progesterone
d) To cause menstruation
Answer: c) To secrete progesterone
Explanation:
The corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle after ovulation and secretes progesterone. This hormone is crucial for maintaining the endometrial lining and supporting early pregnancy.
- Which of the following structures forms the fetal side of the placenta?
a) Amnion
b) Chorion
c) Endometrium
d) Allantois
Answer: b) Chorion
Explanation:
The chorion forms the fetal portion of the placenta, which is involved in nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and fetus. The maternal side of the placenta is derived from the uterine tissues.
- The presence of which hormone in the blood or urine indicates pregnancy?
a) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
b) Progesterone
c) Estrogen
d) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Answer: d) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Explanation:
hCG is produced by the trophoblast cells of the early embryo after implantation and is detected in pregnancy tests. This hormone supports the corpus luteum, which in turn produces progesterone to maintain the uterine lining.
- Which of the following structures provides nutrients to the developing embryo before the placenta forms?
a) Yolk sac
b) Chorion
c) Amnion
d) Allantois
Answer: a) Yolk sac
Explanation:
The yolk sac provides early nourishment to the embryo before the placenta is fully formed. It is an extra-embryonic membrane that also contributes to the formation of the blood and germ cells.
- Which of the following processes occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
a) Ovulation
b) Formation of the corpus luteum
c) Thickening of the endometrium
d) Shedding of the endometrium
Answer: b) Formation of the corpus luteum
Explanation:
The luteal phase begins after ovulation when the ruptured follicle forms the corpus luteum. This structure secretes progesterone, which thickens the endometrium and prepares it for possible implantation.
- During human development, which stage directly follows fertilization?
a) Gastrulation
b) Morula
c) Cleavage
d) Blastocyst
Answer: c) Cleavage
Explanation:
Cleavage occurs immediately after fertilization and involves a series of rapid mitotic divisions of the zygote without an increase in size, eventually leading to the formation of a morula and then a blastocyst.
- The hormone that triggers the final maturation and release of the egg from the ovarian follicle is:
a) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
b) Estrogen
c) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
d) Progesterone
Answer: c) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Explanation:
LH triggers ovulation by causing the mature ovarian follicle to rupture and release the egg. This surge in LH is also responsible for initiating the formation of the corpus luteum.
- The structure in the male reproductive system that serves as the site of sperm storage and maturation is the:
a) Seminal vesicle
b) Epididymis
c) Vas deferens
d) Prostate gland
Answer: b) Epididymis
Explanation:
The epididymis is where sperm are stored and mature after they are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Sperm gain motility and the ability to fertilize an egg while in the epididymis.
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