“Evolution” MCQ with Answer Explanation : NEET 2025.

Here below some basic MCQ with answer of evolution. Which is explained in details. Let’s check one by one.

1. Which of the following statements is most closely associated with Darwin’s theory of evolution?
   A) Use and disuse of organs
   B) Inheritance of acquired characteristics
   C) Survival of the fittest
   D) Mutation causes evolution
   Answer: C) Survival of the fittest

Explanation: Darwin’s theory of natural selection emphasizes that individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, which leads to the spread of those traits in the population. “Use and disuse” and “inheritance of acquired characteristics” are part of Lamarck’s theory, while mutation was not part of Darwin’s original explanation.

2. Which of the following is an example of homologous structures?
   A) Wings of a butterfly and wings of a bat
   B) Fins of a fish and flippers of a whale
   C) Forelimbs of a cat and wings of a bat
   D) Eye of an octopus and eye of a human
   Answer: C) Forelimbs of a cat and wings of a bat

Explanation: Homologous structures are derived from a common ancestor and have similar underlying anatomy but serve different functions. The forelimbs of a cat and the wings of a bat are homologous because they share a similar bone structure. Analogous structures, like butterfly wings and bat wings (option A), perform similar functions but do not have a common evolutionary origin.

3. The age of fossils can be determined using which of the following methods?
   A) Carbon dating
   B) Gene sequencing
   C) Embryology
   D) Comparative anatomy
   Answer: A) Carbon dating

Explanation: Carbon dating (radiocarbon dating) measures the decay of carbon-14 in fossils to estimate their age. Gene sequencing, embryology, and comparative anatomy are used for different purposes, such as studying genetic relationships and evolutionary patterns, but not for determining fossil age.

4. Which of the following is not an evidence for evolution?
   A) Vestigial organs
   B) Fossil records
   C) Analogous organs
   D) Genetic drift
   Answer: C) Analogous organs

Explanation: Analogous organs do not provide evidence for common ancestry but are examples of convergent evolution, where different species evolve similar traits independently due to similar environmental pressures. Vestigial organs, fossil records, and genetic drift provide key evidence for evolutionary changes.

5. Industrial melanism observed in peppered moths is an example of:
   A) Genetic drift
   B) Mutation
   C) Natural selection
   D) Artificial selection
   Answer: C) Natural selection

Explanation: Industrial melanism in peppered moths is a famous example of natural selection. Dark-colored moths had a survival advantage in polluted environments, leading to their increased frequency over time. The change was driven by selective pressures in the moths’ environment.

6. Which of the following statements is correct regarding genetic drift?
   A) It affects only large populations.
   B) It leads to a decrease in genetic variation.
   C) It always leads to beneficial traits.
   D) It increases variation in a population.
   Answer: B) It leads to a decrease in genetic variation

Explanation: Genetic drift is a random fluctuation in allele frequencies, especially in small populations. It often leads to a reduction in genetic variation as certain alleles may become fixed while others are lost, purely by chance, without necessarily being beneficial.

7. Which of the following processes results in the formation of new species?
   A) Speciation
   B) Genetic drift
   C) Genetic recombination
   D) Genetic variation
   Answer: A) Speciation

Explanation: Speciation refers to the process by which one species splits into two or more distinct species, typically due to factors like geographic or reproductive isolation. Genetic drift, recombination, and variation contribute to genetic differences but do not directly cause speciation.

8. The study of similarities and differences in the embryos of different species is known as:
   A) Paleontology
   B) Biogeography
   C) Embryology
   D) Taxonomy
   Answer: C) Embryology

Explanation: Embryology is the study of the development of embryos, which reveals important similarities among species that suggest common ancestry. Paleontology deals with fossils, biogeography with the geographic distribution of species, and taxonomy with the classification of organisms.

9. Adaptive radiation can be best explained by the evolution of:
   A) Darwin’s finches on the Galápagos Islands
   B) Mammals from reptiles
   C) Bacteria resistant to antibiotics
   D) Homo sapiens from Homo erectus
   Answer: A) Darwin’s finches on the Galápagos Islands

Explanation: Adaptive radiation occurs when a single species evolves into multiple species that are adapted to different environments or niches. Darwin’s finches are a classic example, where the finches adapted to different food sources on the Galápagos Islands, leading to speciation.

10. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is based on all of the following assumptions except:
    A) No mutation
    B) Random mating
    C) No migration
    D) Natural selection occurs
    Answer: D) Natural selection occurs