MCQ 11:
Which pollutant is primarily responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer?
A) Methane
B) CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
C) CO₂
D) Ozone
Answer: B) CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
Explanation: CFCs are synthetic compounds that have been linked to ozone layer depletion. They break down ozone molecules in the stratosphere, resulting in a thinner ozone layer.
MCQ 12:
What is the main purpose of the Kyoto Protocol?
A) To reduce biodiversity loss
B) To reduce greenhouse gas emissions
C) To protect endangered species
D) To promote renewable energy sources
Answer: B) To reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997, aims to commit industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to combat global warming.
MCQ 13:
What is the term for the gradual increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities?
A) Climate variability
B) Global warming
C) Greenhouse effect
D) Ozone depletion
Answer: B) Global warming
Explanation: Global warming refers specifically to the long-term trend of increasing average temperatures on Earth, largely due to human activities such as fossil fuel combustion and deforestation.
MCQ 14:
Which of the following is a renewable energy source?
A) Natural gas
B) Coal
C) Wind
D) Nuclear energy
Answer: C) Wind
Explanation: Wind energy is renewable as it harnesses wind to generate electricity, which can be continuously replenished. Natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy are considered non-renewable resources.
MCQ 15:
What is the primary goal of reforestation?
A) Increase carbon emissions
B) Restore natural habitats
C) Reduce soil fertility
D) Increase urban development
Answer: B) Restore natural habitats
Explanation: Reforestation aims to restore forest cover, improve biodiversity, and enhance ecosystems, which can also help sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
MCQ 16:
Which of the following is a method of waste management that involves converting waste into reusable materials?
A) Landfilling
B) Incineration
C) Recycling
D) Composting
Answer: C) Recycling
Explanation: Recycling involves processing materials such as paper, plastic, and glass so they can be reused, reducing the amount of waste that ends up in landfills.
MCQ 17:
What is the main cause of ocean acidification?
A) Heavy metals
B) Increased carbon dioxide levels
C) Oil spills
D) Plastic pollution
Answer: B) Increased carbon dioxide levels
Explanation: Ocean acidification occurs when excess CO₂ from the atmosphere dissolves in ocean water, forming carbonic acid and lowering the water’s pH, which can harm marine life.
MCQ 18:
Which international agreement was established to protect biodiversity?
A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Convention on Biological Diversity
C) Paris Agreement
D) Montreal Protocol
Answer: B) Convention on Biological Diversity
Explanation: The Convention on Biological Diversity, established in 1992, aims to conserve biological diversity, promote sustainable use, and ensure fair sharing of genetic resources.
MCQ 19:
Which of the following is a sustainable farming practice?
A) Monoculture
B) Crop rotation
C) Use of synthetic fertilizers
D) Clear-cutting
Answer: B) Crop rotation
Explanation: Crop rotation is a sustainable farming practice that helps maintain soil health, reduces pest and disease buildup, and increases crop yield by varying the types of crops grown in succession.
MCQ 20:
Which of the following is a major contributor to the urban heat island effect?
A) Dense vegetation
B) High albedo surfaces
C) Concrete and asphalt
D) Natural water bodies
Answer: C) Concrete and asphalt
Explanation: Urban heat islands occur in areas with a lot of concrete and asphalt, which absorb and retain heat, causing cities to be warmer than surrounding rural areas.
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