Here below some basic MCQ’s about “Metallurgical Processes” with answer explanation for exam practice. Let’s check one by one which is given below.
Question 1:
Which of the following processes is used for the extraction of aluminum from its ore?
A) Electrolytic reduction
B) Pyrometallurgical reduction
C) Hydrometallurgical process
D) Carbon reduction
Answer: A) Electrolytic reduction
Explanation: Aluminum is primarily extracted from bauxite ore through the Hall-Héroult process, which involves electrolytic reduction. In this process, aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na3AlF6) and subjected to an electric current, causing aluminum to deposit at the cathode.
Question 2:
Which of the following is a primary method for purifying copper?
A) Roasting
B) Electrolysis
C) Distillation
D) Filtration
Answer: B) Electrolysis
Explanation: Electrolysis is used to purify copper. In this process, impure copper is used as the anode and pure copper is deposited at the cathode from an electrolyte solution of copper sulfate. This method efficiently removes impurities from the copper.
Question 3:
The process of smelting primarily involves which of the following?
A) Heating ore in the presence of a reducing agent
B) Dissolving ore in an acid
C) Mechanical separation of minerals
D) Heating ore with oxygen
Answer: A) Heating ore in the presence of a reducing agent
Explanation: Smelting is a pyrometallurgical process where ore is heated in the presence of a reducing agent (such as carbon) to extract the metal. This process helps to separate the metal from its oxide or sulfide.
Question 4:
What is the main purpose of using flux in metallurgical processes?
A) To increase the melting point of metals
B) To remove impurities from metals
C) To cool down molten metal
D) To enhance the color of metals
Answer: B) To remove impurities from metals
Explanation: Flux is added during metallurgical processes to facilitate the removal of impurities. It combines with unwanted materials to form a slag, which can be easily separated from the molten metal.
Question 5:
Which of the following is an example of hydrometallurgy?
A) Blast furnace operation
B) Leaching
C) Sintering
D) Calcination
Answer: B) Leaching
Explanation: Hydrometallurgy refers to the extraction of metals from ores using aqueous solutions. Leaching is a process where solvents are used to dissolve metals from their ores, making it a prime example of hydrometallurgy.
Question 6:
What is the primary component of the ore hematite?
A) Copper
B) Iron
C) Aluminum
D) Zinc
Answer: B) Iron
Explanation: Hematite is an iron oxide mineral (Fe2O3) and is one of the primary ores of iron used in metallurgical processes for the extraction of iron.
Question 7:
Which of the following methods is used for the extraction of silver?
A) Pyrometallurgy
B) Electrorefining
C) Amalgamation
D) Sintering
Answer: C) Amalgamation
Explanation: Amalgamation is a process used to extract silver (and gold) by mixing the metal with mercury, forming an amalgam which can then be heated to separate the pure metal from mercury.
Question 8:
Which of the following is a common reducing agent in metallurgical processes?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon
D) Hydrogen
Answer: C) Carbon
Explanation: Carbon is frequently used as a reducing agent in smelting processes to reduce metal oxides to their elemental form, particularly in the extraction of iron from iron ore.
Question 9:
What is the main purpose of the roasting process in metallurgy?
A) To melt metals
B) To concentrate ores
C) To oxidize sulfide ores
D) To purify metals
Answer: C) To oxidize sulfide ores
Explanation: Roasting involves heating sulfide ores in the presence of oxygen to convert them into oxides, which can then be reduced to extract the metal.
Question 10:
What is the purpose of sintering in metallurgical processes?
A) To melt metals
B) To form porous pellets from powdered ore
C) To separate impurities
D) To increase the ductility of metals
Answer: B) To form porous pellets from powdered ore
Explanation: Sintering is a process where powdered materials are heated below their melting point to fuse particles together, forming porous pellets that can be used in subsequent metallurgical operations.
Question 11:
Which of the following metals is extracted using the Bayer process?
A) Copper
B) Aluminum
C) Zinc
D) Iron
Answer: B) Aluminum
Explanation: The Bayer process is used for extracting aluminum from bauxite ore. It involves dissolving aluminum oxide in sodium hydroxide and precipitating aluminum hydroxide.
Question 12:
In which process is an electrolytic cell used to produce zinc?
A) Carbon reduction
B) Hydrometallurgical extraction
C) Pyrometallurgy
D) Amalgamation
Answer: B) Hydrometallurgical extraction
Explanation: Zinc is commonly extracted from its ores using hydrometallurgical methods, which include leaching followed by electrolytic refining to purify the metal.
Question 13:
Which of the following is a key characteristic of a blast furnace?
A) Low temperature operation
B) Continuous feed system
C) No emissions
D) Simple batch processing
Answer: B) Continuous feed system
Explanation: A blast furnace operates continuously and allows for the continuous feeding of raw materials, such as iron ore, coke, and limestone, to produce molten iron.
Question 14:
What type of alloy is formed when zinc is added to copper?
A) Bronze
B) Brass
C) Steel
D) Pewter
Answer: B) Brass
Explanation: Brass is an alloy made primarily of copper and zinc. It has desirable properties such as corrosion resistance and improved machinability.
Question 15:
What is calcination primarily used for in metallurgy?
A) Melting ores
B) Decomposing carbonate ores
C) Removing impurities
D) Alloying metals
Answer: B) Decomposing carbonate ores
Explanation: Calcination involves heating carbonate ores to drive off carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of metal oxides, which can then be reduced to extract the metal.
Question 16:
Which of the following metals can be extracted by electrolysis of its molten chloride?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Magnesium
D) Calcium
Answer: A) Sodium
Explanation: Sodium can be extracted through the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride (NaCl). The process involves the reduction of sodium ions at the cathode.
Question 17:
Which metallurgical process is commonly used for the extraction of gold?
A) Leaching
B) Electrolysis
C) Smelting
D) Sintering
Answer: A) Leaching
Explanation: Leaching, particularly cyanide leaching, is a common method for extracting gold from ores, where cyanide solution dissolves gold from the ore.
Question 18:
In metallurgy, what is a “slag”?
A) The metallic product of smelting
B) The non-metallic byproduct of smelting
C) The flux used in smelting
D) The ore before processing
Answer: B) The non-metallic byproduct of smelting
Explanation: Slag is the non-metallic byproduct formed during the smelting of ores. It consists of impurities that have been removed from the metal during the process.
Question 19:
Which of the following is used as a catalyst in the Haber process for ammonia synthesis?
A) Iron
B) Nickel
C) Cobalt
D) Platinum
Answer: A) Iron
Explanation: Iron is commonly used as a catalyst in the Haber process, which synthesizes ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases under high pressure and temperature.
Question 20:
What type of bonding is primarily found in metals?
A) Ionic bonding
B) Covalent bonding
C) Metallic bonding
D) Hydrogen bonding
Answer: C) Metallic bonding
Explanation: Metals exhibit metallic bonding, characterized by a sea of delocalized electrons that allow for electrical conductivity and malleability.
Question 21:
Which process is primarily used to recover gold from its ores?
A) Hydrometallurgy
B) Pyrometallurgy
C) Amalgamation
D) Leaching
Answer: D) Leaching
Explanation: Leaching, especially with cyanide, is a common method for recovering gold from its ores, where gold is dissolved and then extracted from the solution.
Question 22:
What is the primary purpose of using carbon in the reduction of metal oxides?
A) To oxidize the metal
B) To act as a flux
C) To provide energy
D) To reduce the metal oxide to metal
Answer: D) To reduce the metal oxide to metal
Explanation: Carbon acts as a reducing agent, providing electrons to reduce metal oxides into their elemental form during smelting processes.
Question 23:
Which of the following methods is used to concentrate copper ore?
A) Flotation
B) Amalgamation
C) Electrolysis
D) Distillation
Answer: A) Flotation
Explanation: The flotation process separates minerals based on differences in their hydrophobic properties, making it effective for concentrating copper ores.
Question 24:
What is the role of a flux in the smelting process?
A) To increase the temperature of the furnace
B) To help separate metal from impurities
C) To provide oxygen for combustion
D) To cool the molten metal
Answer: B) To help separate metal from impurities
Explanation: Flux is added to the smelting process to combine with impurities, forming slag that can be easily removed, allowing for purer metal extraction.
Question 25:
Which of the following metals is primarily extracted using the electrolysis method from its ore?
A) Gold
B) Silver
C) Aluminum
D) Lead
Answer: C) Aluminum
Explanation: Aluminum is extracted from its ore (bauxite) using electrolytic reduction, where aluminum oxide is dissolved and reduced to aluminum metal.
Question 26:
In metallurgy, what is “pyrometallurgy”?
A) Extraction of metals using aqueous solutions
B) Extraction of metals using heat
C) Extraction of metals using microbes
D) Extraction of metals at room temperature
Answer: B) Extraction of metals using heat
Explanation: Pyrometallurgy refers to the process of extracting metals from their ores using high temperatures, typically involving smelting or roasting.
Question 27:
What is the main disadvantage of the use of cyanide in gold extraction?
A) It is too expensive
B) It is highly toxic
C) It does not dissolve gold
D) It requires high temperatures
Answer: B) It is highly toxic
Explanation: Cyanide is highly toxic to humans and the environment, posing significant risks during its use in gold extraction processes.
Question 28:
Which of the following is NOT a method of separating metal from ore?
A) Filtration
B) Roasting
C) Distillation
D) Sintering
Answer: A) Filtration
Explanation: Filtration is generally not a method used for separating metals from ores. Roasting, distillation, and sintering are metallurgical processes used for separation and extraction.
Question 29:
Which type of furnace is used for the extraction of iron from iron ore?
A) Cupola furnace
B) Electric arc furnace
C) Blast furnace
D) Reverberatory furnace
Answer: C) Blast furnace
Explanation: The blast furnace is specifically designed for the extraction of iron from iron ore through a continuous process of smelting with coke and limestone.
Question 30:
What is the primary component of cast iron?
A) Nickel
B) Manganese
C) Carbon
D) Chromium
Answer: C) Carbon
Explanation: Cast iron primarily consists of iron with a carbon content of more than 2%, which contributes to its castability and strength.
Question 31:
What type of reaction occurs during the reduction of iron oxide in a blast furnace?
A) Exothermic
B) Endothermic
C) Photochemical
D) Electrochemical
Answer: A) Exothermic
Explanation: The reduction of iron oxide in a blast furnace is an exothermic reaction, releasing heat and facilitating the smelting process.
Question 32:
Which of the following metals can be extracted by the carbon reduction method?
A) Gold
B) Aluminum
C) Iron
D) Sodium
Answer: C) Iron
Explanation: Iron is typically extracted from its ore through carbon reduction in a blast furnace, where carbon reduces iron oxide to iron.
Question 33:
What is “electrorefining”?
A) A method for smelting metals
B) A method for purifying metals using electricity
C) A technique for alloying metals
D) A method for leaching metals from ores
Answer: B) A method for purifying metals using electricity
Explanation: Electrorefining is a process where an impure metal is dissolved in an electrolyte and deposited as pure metal at the cathode through electrolysis.
Question 34:
Which of the following metals is typically extracted using the froth flotation process?
A) Aluminum
B) Iron
C) Copper
D) Lead
Answer: C) Copper
Explanation: Froth flotation is commonly used to concentrate copper ores by exploiting differences in hydrophobic properties of the minerals.
Question 35:
What is the main environmental concern associated with mining activities?
A) Increased biodiversity
B) Air pollution
C) Soil erosion
D) Water pollution
Answer: D) Water pollution
Explanation: Mining activities can lead to water pollution through runoff of heavy metals and other contaminants, affecting surrounding ecosystems and water supplies.
Question 36:
What is the main purpose of using a carbon electrode in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide?
A) To provide a source of heat
B) To act as a reducing agent
C) To complete the electric circuit
D) To collect impurities
Answer: B) To act as a reducing agent
Explanation: In the electrolysis of aluminum oxide, the carbon electrode helps reduce aluminum ions to aluminum metal at the cathode.
Question 37:
Which of the following is a common application of titanium?
A) Construction
B) Jewelry
C) Aerospace components
D) Food packaging
Answer: C) Aerospace components
Explanation: Titanium is widely used in aerospace applications due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance.
Question 38:
Which metallurgical technique involves heating metal ores with a flux and a reducing agent?
A) Sintering
B) Smelting
C) Roasting
D) Calcination
Answer: B) Smelting
Explanation: Smelting is the process where ores are heated with a flux and a reducing agent, allowing for the extraction of the metal from its ore.
Question 39:
What is the term for the process of converting iron into steel?
A) Alloying
B) Tempering
C) Hardening
D) Steelmaking
Answer: D) Steelmaking
Explanation: Steelmaking refers to the processes used to convert iron into steel by controlling the carbon content and adding other alloying elements.
Question 40:
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of non-ferrous metals?
A) Generally lower density than ferrous metals
B) Resistance to corrosion
C) Magnetic properties
D) High electrical conductivity
Answer: C) Magnetic properties
Explanation: Non-ferrous metals typically lack magnetic properties, which is a distinguishing characteristic from ferrous metals that contain iron.
Question 41:
Which process is commonly used to extract lead from its ore?
A) Roasting
B) Amalgamation
C) Hydrometallurgy
D) Smelting
Answer: D) Smelting
Explanation: Lead is primarily extracted from its ore through smelting, where lead sulfide is converted into lead metal.
Question 42:
What is “thermal treatment” in metallurgy?
A) Heating materials to high temperatures for processing
B) Cooling materials to room temperature
C) Melting metals using an electric arc
D) Electrolyzing molten metals
Answer: A) Heating materials to high temperatures for processing
Explanation: Thermal treatment refers to processes involving heating materials to alter their physical and sometimes chemical properties, often used in metalworking.
Question 43:
Which of the following metals is obtained from the ore bauxite?
A) Zinc
B) Iron
C) Aluminum
D) Nickel
Answer: C) Aluminum
Explanation: Bauxite is the primary ore for aluminum extraction through the Bayer process.
Question 44:
What is the main advantage of using the hydrometallurgical process?
A) Requires high temperatures
B) Less energy-intensive
C) More efficient than pyrometallurgy
D) Produces fewer emissions
Answer: B) Less energy-intensive
Explanation: Hydrometallurgical processes typically operate at lower temperatures than pyrometallurgical processes, making them less energy-intensive.
Question 45:
Which element is commonly used as an alloying element to improve the strength of steel?
A) Lead
B) Manganese
C) Tin
D) Mercury
Answer: B) Manganese
Explanation: Manganese is commonly added to steel to improve its strength and hardness while also aiding in deoxidation.
Question 46:
What type of reaction occurs during the oxidation of a metal in metallurgy?
A) Exothermic
B) Endothermic
C) Reduction
D) Hydrolysis
Answer: A) Exothermic
Explanation: The oxidation of metals is typically an exothermic reaction, releasing heat as the metal reacts with oxygen.
Question 47:
Which of the following processes can be used for the separation of copper from its ore?
A) Electrolysis
B) Amalgamation
C) Smelting
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Copper can be separated from its ore through various methods, including electrolysis, amalgamation, and smelting.
Question 48:
What is “electrowinning”?
A) A process for alloying metals
B) A method for extracting metals from solutions
C) A technique for purifying gases
D) A method for melting metals
Answer: B) A method for extracting metals from solutions
Explanation: Electrowinning is a process that involves using electrolysis to recover metals from their aqueous solutions, commonly used in gold and copper extraction.
Question 49:
What is the main purpose of annealing in metallurgy?
A) To increase hardness
B) To relieve internal stresses
C) To improve wear resistance
D) To promote corrosion
Answer: B) To relieve internal stresses
Explanation: Annealing is a heat treatment process used to relieve internal stresses in metals, improve ductility, and refine the grain structure.
Question 50:
Which of the following is an example of a precious metal?
A) Iron
B) Copper
C) Gold
D) Aluminum
Answer: C) Gold
Explanation: Gold is classified as a precious metal due to its rarity, economic value, and use in jewelry and currency.
Question 51:
What is the primary use of nickel in metallurgy?
A) Construction materials
B) Battery production
C) Coating and alloying
D) Electrical wiring
Answer: C) Coating and alloying
Explanation: Nickel is widely used for coating (to prevent corrosion) and as an alloying element in stainless steel and other alloys to enhance strength and corrosion resistance.
Question 52:
Which gas is often used in the reduction of iron ore in a blast furnace?
A) Nitrogen
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Helium
D) Hydrogen
Answer: B) Carbon monoxide
Explanation: Carbon monoxide is generated from the combustion of coke and is a key reducing agent in the blast furnace, reducing iron ore to iron.
Question 53:
What type of mining involves extracting metals from the earth’s surface using open pits?
A) Underground mining
B) Alluvial mining
C) Surface mining
D) In-situ mining
Answer: C) Surface mining
Explanation: Surface mining involves extracting minerals from the earth’s surface using open pits, which is common for certain metal ores.
Question 54:
Which of the following is a common method for producing ferrous alloys?
A) Powder metallurgy
B) Electric arc furnace
C) Sintering
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Ferrous alloys can be produced through various methods, including powder metallurgy, electric arc furnaces, and sintering.
Question 55:
What is the main component of the ore sphalerite?
A) Iron
B) Zinc
C) Copper
D) Lead
Answer: B) Zinc
Explanation: Sphalerite is primarily composed of zinc sulfide (ZnS) and is the main ore for extracting zinc.
Question 56:
Which metallurgical process is used to recover metals from their ores using microorganisms?
A) Bioleaching
B) Hydrometallurgy
C) Electrolysis
D) Pyrometallurgy
Answer: A) Bioleaching
Explanation: Bioleaching is the use of microorganisms to extract metals from ores, often applied in the recovery of copper and gold.
Question 57:
What is the primary metal obtained from the ore galena?
A) Silver
B) Zinc
C) Lead
D) Copper
Answer: C) Lead
Explanation: Galena is a lead sulfide mineral (PbS) and is the primary ore from which lead is extracted.
Question 58:
Which of the following is a common use of tungsten?
A) Electrical contacts
B) Structural beams
C) Jewelry
D) Food packaging
Answer: A) Electrical contacts
Explanation: Tungsten is known for its high melting point and conductivity, making it ideal for use in electrical contacts and filaments.
Question 59:
What is the purpose of using a ladle in metallurgy?
A) To smelt ores
B) To transport and pour molten metal
C) To cool down metals
D) To mix alloys
Answer: B) To transport and pour molten metal
Explanation: A ladle is used in metallurgy to safely transport molten metal from the furnace to the casting area and pour it into molds.
Question 60:
Which type of alloy is steel?
A) Ferrous alloy
B) Non-ferrous alloy
C) Composite alloy
D) Superalloy
Answer: A) Ferrous alloy
Explanation: Steel is classified as a ferrous alloy because it is primarily composed of iron, with carbon and other elements added to enhance its properties.
Question 61:
Which process is often used to remove impurities from iron before it is turned into steel?
A) Quenching
B) Tempering
C) Refining
D) Sintering
Answer: C) Refining
Explanation: Refining processes are employed to remove impurities from molten iron, preparing it for conversion into steel.
Question 62:
What is “quenching” in metallurgy?
A) Heating metal to high temperatures
B) Cooling metal rapidly in water or oil
C) Adding alloys to metal
D) Mixing different metals
Answer: B) Cooling metal rapidly in water or oil
Explanation: Quenching is a heat treatment process where metal is cooled rapidly to harden it, often used in the treatment of steel.
Question 63:
Which of the following is a characteristic of stainless steel?
A) High ductility
B) Corrosion resistance
C) Low strength
D) High thermal conductivity
Answer: B) Corrosion resistance
Explanation: Stainless steel is known for its excellent corrosion resistance due to the presence of chromium, making it suitable for various applications.
Question 64:
What is the main raw material used in the production of copper?
A) Chalcopyrite
B) Hematite
C) Bauxite
D) Galena
Answer: A) Chalcopyrite
Explanation: Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is the primary ore for copper extraction, containing copper, iron, and sulfur.
Question 65:
What is the primary advantage of using an electric arc furnace?
A) Lower production costs
B) Ability to recycle scrap metal
C) Simplicity of operation
D) No emissions
Answer: B) Ability to recycle scrap metal
Explanation: Electric arc furnaces are particularly advantageous for recycling scrap metal and producing high-quality steel.
Question 66:
Which of the following is a method used to extract uranium from its ore?
A) Amalgamation
B) Leaching
C) Sintering
D) Flotation
Answer: B) Leaching
Explanation: Uranium is commonly extracted from its ore through leaching processes, where solvents dissolve uranium, allowing for its separation from other materials.
Question 67:
What is the main drawback of using mercury in amalgamation processes?
A) It is expensive
B) It is highly toxic
C) It is ineffective
D) It requires high temperatures
Answer: B) It is highly toxic
Explanation: Mercury is highly toxic, posing significant health and environmental risks during its use in amalgamation for gold extraction.
Question 68:
Which of the following metals has the highest melting point?
A) Iron
B) Titanium
C) Tungsten
D) Gold
Answer: C) Tungsten
Explanation: Tungsten has the highest melting point of all metals, making it suitable for high-temperature applications.
Question 69:
What is the primary use of molybdenum in metallurgy?
A) Alloying agent
B) Electrical contacts
C) Catalytic converters
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Molybdenum is used as an alloying agent, in electrical contacts, and in catalytic converters, showcasing its versatility in metallurgy.
Question 70:
Which metallurgical process involves the solidification of molten metal in a mold?
A) Casting
B) Sintering
C) Welding
D) Forging
Answer: A) Casting
Explanation: Casting is the process where molten metal is poured into a mold and allowed to solidify, creating a specific shape.
Question 71:
What is “powder metallurgy”?
A) A process for extracting metals from ores
B) A method for creating materials from powdered metals
C) A technique for alloying metals
D) A way to increase the density of metals
Answer: B) A method for creating materials from powdered metals
Explanation: Powder metallurgy involves creating parts by pressing and sintering powdered metals, allowing for precise control over the material properties.
Question 72:
Which of the following is a typical characteristic of ferrous metals?
A) Generally non-magnetic
B) Low melting points
C) High tensile strength
D) High ductility
Answer: C) High tensile strength
Explanation: Ferrous metals, which contain iron, typically have high tensile strength, making them suitable for construction and industrial applications.
Question 73:
Which process is used to convert scrap iron into pig iron?
A) Refining
B) Sintering
C) Smelting in a blast furnace
D) Electrolysis
Answer: C) Smelting in a blast furnace
Explanation: Scrap iron can be converted into pig iron through smelting in a blast furnace, where impurities are removed.
Question 74:
What is the main advantage of using cold working in metallurgy?
A) Increases brittleness
B) Improves surface finish
C) Requires high temperatures
D) Lowers strength
Answer: B) Improves surface finish
Explanation: Cold working improves the surface finish of metals and increases their strength through strain hardening without requiring high temperatures.
Question 75:
Which of the following is a common use of cobalt?
A) Magnets
B) Batteries
C) Alloys
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Cobalt is used in a variety of applications, including magnets, batteries, and as an alloying element in superalloys.
Question 76:
What is the primary component of steel?
A) Carbon
B) Chromium
C) Nickel
D) Manganese
Answer: A) Carbon
Explanation: Carbon is the primary alloying element in steel, significantly influencing its strength, hardness, and ductility.
Question 77:
Which of the following metals is commonly recycled?
A) Aluminum
B) Lead
C) Copper
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Aluminum, lead, and copper are all commonly recycled metals, reducing the need for primary extraction and saving energy.
Question 78:
What is the primary method used to produce magnesium from its ores?
A) Electrolysis
B) Carbon reduction
C) Hydrometallurgy
D) Sintering
Answer: A) Electrolysis
Explanation: Magnesium is primarily produced through electrolysis of molten magnesium salts, allowing for the extraction of pure magnesium metal.
Question 79:
Which of the following is a common method for producing titanium?
A) Kroll process
B) Bayer process
C) Hall-Héroult process
D) Electrorefining
Answer: A) Kroll process
Explanation: The Kroll process is the primary method for producing titanium, involving the reduction of titanium tetrachloride with magnesium.
Question 80:
What is the main purpose of adding alloying elements to steel?
A) To decrease cost
B) To improve specific properties
C) To increase weight
D) To simplify processing
Answer: B) To improve specific properties
Explanation: Alloying elements are added to steel to enhance specific properties, such as strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, and ductility.
Question 81:
Which of the following is a typical property of non-ferrous metals?
A) High corrosion resistance
B) Magnetic
C) High density
D) Low melting point
Answer: A) High corrosion resistance
Explanation: Non-ferrous metals typically exhibit high corrosion resistance, making them suitable for various applications, including marine and chemical environments.
Question 82:
What is the purpose of using limestone in the iron smelting process?
A) To provide carbon
B) To act as a flux
C) To oxidize impurities
D) To increase temperature
Answer: B) To act as a flux
Explanation: Limestone is used as a flux in iron smelting to combine with impurities, forming slag that can be removed from the molten iron.
Question 83:
What is the primary function of a crucible in metallurgy?
A) To mix metals
B) To hold and melt metal
C) To cool molten metal
D) To store raw materials
Answer: B) To hold and melt metal
Explanation: A crucible is a container designed to hold and melt metal at high temperatures, often used in casting processes.
Question 84:
Which of the following processes is used for refining copper?
A) Amalgamation
B) Roasting
C) Electrolysis
D) Sintering
Answer: C) Electrolysis
Explanation: Electrolysis is the method commonly used to refine copper, removing impurities from the impure copper anode.
Question 85:
What is the primary method for recycling aluminum?
A) Melting
B) Electrolysis
C) Crushing
D) Sintering
Answer: A) Melting
Explanation: Aluminum recycling primarily involves melting down scrap aluminum to be reused in various applications, which requires significantly less energy than primary production.
Question 86:
Which of the following metals is used to produce lightweight alloys?
A) Lead
B) Magnesium
C) Copper
D) Iron
Answer: B) Magnesium
Explanation: Magnesium is commonly used to produce lightweight alloys due to its low density and high strength-to-weight ratio.
Question 87:
What is the role of silicon in steelmaking?
A) Increases brittleness
B) Acts as a deoxidizer
C) Lowers melting point
D) Enhances corrosion
Answer: B) Acts as a deoxidizer
Explanation: Silicon is added to steel during the smelting process to act as a deoxidizer, helping to remove oxygen from the molten metal.
Question 88:
Which of the following processes is used to produce high-purity silicon for electronics?
A) Czochralski process
B) Kroll process
C) Sintering
D) Electrolysis
Answer: A) Czochralski process
Explanation: The Czochralski process is a method used to grow high-purity silicon crystals for semiconductor applications.
Question 89:
What is the primary disadvantage of using steel in construction?
A) Low strength
B) Corrosion susceptibility
C) High cost
D) Heavy weight
Answer: B) Corrosion susceptibility
Explanation: One of the primary disadvantages of using steel in construction is its susceptibility to corrosion, which can weaken structures over time.
Question 90:
Which of the following elements is commonly used to improve the hardenability of steel?
A) Carbon
B) Manganese
C) Nickel
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Carbon, manganese, and nickel are all alloying elements that can improve the hardenability of steel, allowing it to achieve greater hardness upon quenching.
Question 91:
Which of the following metals is used in the production of dental alloys?
A) Zinc
B) Gold
C) Lead
D) Silver
Answer: B) Gold
Explanation: Gold is commonly used in dental alloys due to its biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic properties.
Question 92:
What is the main purpose of using a refractory material in metallurgy?
A) To improve conductivity
B) To insulate against heat
C) To withstand high temperatures
D) To enhance alloy properties
Answer: C) To withstand high temperatures
Explanation: Refractory materials are designed to withstand high temperatures without melting or breaking down, making them essential in furnaces and reactors.
Question 93:
Which of the following processes is commonly used to extract lithium?
A) Electrolysis
B) Froth flotation
C) Leaching
D) Carbon reduction
Answer: C) Leaching
Explanation: Lithium is often extracted from brine or ore through leaching processes, which dissolve lithium compounds for further processing.
Question 94:
What is the primary use of zirconium in metallurgy?
A) Electrical wiring
B) Nuclear reactors
C) Construction materials
D) Jewelry
Answer: B) Nuclear reactors
Explanation: Zirconium is used in nuclear reactors due to its low neutron absorption and excellent corrosion resistance.
Question 95:
Which of the following methods can be used to reduce titanium oxide to titanium metal?
A) Kroll process
B) Hall-Héroult process
C) Amalgamation
D) Electrolysis
Answer: A) Kroll process
Explanation: The Kroll process involves reducing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with magnesium to produce titanium metal.
Question 96:
What is the primary method used for refining gold?
A) Amalgamation
B) Electrolysis
C) Leaching
D) Smelting
Answer: B) Electrolysis
Explanation: Electrolysis is a common method for refining gold, especially when high purity is required.
Question 97:
What is the main advantage of using high-carbon steel?
A) Low cost
B) High ductility
C) Increased hardness
D) Corrosion resistance
Answer: C) Increased hardness
Explanation: High-carbon steel is known for its increased hardness, making it suitable for tools and high-strength applications.
Question 98:
Which of the following metals is most commonly used in electrical applications due to its high conductivity?
A) Iron
B) Copper
C) Zinc
D) Aluminum
Answer: B) Copper
Explanation: Copper is widely used in electrical applications due to its excellent electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion.
Question 99:
What is the main purpose of using a flux in metallurgical processes?
A) To increase temperature
B) To purify metals
C) To facilitate melting
D) To remove impurities
Answer: D) To remove impurities
Explanation: Flux is used in metallurgical processes to combine with impurities and help remove them from molten metal, improving the quality of the final product.
Question 100:
Which of the following metals is used to produce superalloys for aerospace applications?
A) Iron
B) Nickel
C) Cobalt
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Nickel, cobalt, and iron are all used to produce superalloys, which are essential for high-temperature and high-stress aerospace applications.
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