81. Which of the following is true about tritium’s radioactivity?
- a) It emits alpha particles.
- b) It emits gamma rays.
- c) It emits beta particles.
- d) It is not radioactive.
Answer: c) It emits beta particles.
Explanation:
Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that decays by emitting low-energy beta particles. These beta particles are non-penetrating and pose little threat externally but can be harmful if ingested.
82. In which of the following applications is tritium most commonly used?
- a) Fluorescent lighting
- b) Thermonuclear weapons
- c) Food irradiation
- d) MRI machines
Answer: b) Thermonuclear weapons
Explanation:
Tritium is used in thermonuclear weapons to boost the explosive power by facilitating the fusion reaction. It is also used in small amounts for self-luminous devices, but its primary application is in nuclear weapons.
83. The presence of which isotope distinguishes heavy water from normal water?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Oxygen-18
Answer: b) Deuterium
Explanation:
Heavy water (D₂O) contains deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen with one neutron, instead of protium, which is present in normal water (H₂O).
84. Which property of tritium makes it useful as a tracer in environmental studies?
- a) Its stability
- b) Its radioactivity
- c) Its high neutron count
- d) Its chemical reactivity
Answer: b) Its radioactivity
Explanation:
Tritium’s radioactivity allows it to be easily traced in environmental and hydrological studies. The beta radiation emitted by tritium can be detected, providing information about water movement and contamination.
85. Which isotope of hydrogen is used in the production of luminous paints for watches and instrument dials?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is used in self-luminous paints for watches and instrument dials. It reacts with phosphor to produce light without an external energy source.
86. What is the symbol for the isotope of hydrogen with two neutrons?
- a) ¹H
- b) ²H
- c) ³H
- d) None of these
Answer: c) ³H
Explanation:
The symbol for tritium, the isotope of hydrogen with two neutrons, is ³H. It consists of one proton and two neutrons.
87. Which isotope of hydrogen is the lightest?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: a) Protium
Explanation:
Protium is the lightest isotope of hydrogen. It has no neutrons, only one proton, giving it an atomic mass of about 1 amu.
88. In fusion reactions, the combination of deuterium and tritium results in the formation of:
- a) Helium and a neutron
- b) Carbon and oxygen
- c) Hydrogen and oxygen
- d) Lithium and hydrogen
Answer: a) Helium and a neutron
Explanation:
When deuterium and tritium undergo fusion, they form helium (He-4) and release a neutron along with a large amount of energy.
89. Which of the following isotopes is most commonly used in nuclear fusion research due to its abundance in nature?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: b) Deuterium
Explanation:
Deuterium is commonly used in nuclear fusion research because it is more abundant in nature than tritium and easier to obtain.
90. Which isotope of hydrogen is the least abundant in the universe?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is the least abundant isotope of hydrogen in the universe. It occurs naturally only in trace amounts due to cosmic ray interactions with the atmosphere.
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