71. Which isotope of hydrogen is naturally radioactive?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is a naturally radioactive isotope of hydrogen, emitting beta particles as it decays into helium-3.
72. Heavy water is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors because:
- a) It absorbs neutrons
- b) It slows down fast neutrons
- c) It speeds up nuclear reactions
- d) It absorbs gamma rays
Answer: b) It slows down fast neutrons
Explanation:
Heavy water is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors to slow down fast neutrons, making them more likely to induce fission in nuclear fuel.
73. Which of the following isotopes of hydrogen is stable?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Both a and b
Answer: d) Both a and b
Explanation:
Protium and deuterium are stable isotopes of hydrogen, while tritium is radioactive.
74. Which isotope of hydrogen is most commonly used in fusion reactors?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: b) Deuterium
Explanation:
Deuterium is commonly used in fusion reactors, often in combination with tritium, because it is easier to fuse than protium and is relatively abundant.
75. In tritium, how many neutrons are there in its nucleus?
- a) 0
- b) 1
- c) 2
- d) 3
Answer: c) 2
Explanation:
Tritium has one proton and two neutrons in its nucleus, making it the heaviest isotope of hydrogen.
76. Which of the following isotopes of hydrogen can be used to produce energy in a hydrogen bomb?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
Explanation:
Both deuterium and tritium are used in the fusion reactions that take place in hydrogen bombs, releasing a large amount of energy.
77. The neutron-to-proton ratio in deuterium is:
- a) 0
- b) 1
- c) 2
- d) 3
Answer: b) 1
Explanation:
Deuterium has one proton and one neutron, so its neutron-to-proton ratio is 1.
78. Which of the following best describes a deuteron?
- a) A hydrogen atom with no neutrons
- b) A nucleus of deuterium consisting of one proton and one neutron
- c) A nucleus of tritium consisting of one proton and two neutrons
- d) A helium atom with two neutrons
Answer: b) A nucleus of deuterium consisting of one proton and one neutron
Explanation:
A deuteron is the nucleus of a deuterium atom, containing one proton and one neutron.
79. Which isotope of hydrogen is used as a tracer in medical research?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is used as a radioactive tracer in medical research to study biological processes due to its ability to emit beta radiation.
80. Tritium is commonly produced in which type of nuclear reactor?
- a) Fast breeder reactors
- b) Pressurized water reactors
- c) Fusion reactors
- d) Heavy water reactors
Answer: d) Heavy water reactors
Explanation:
Tritium is commonly produced as a byproduct in heavy water reactors, where neutrons interact with deuterium or lithium to form tritium.
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