61. Which of the following isotopes of hydrogen is the most suitable for use in hydrogen nuclear fusion reactors?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
Explanation:
Both deuterium and tritium are used in hydrogen fusion reactions due to their ability to fuse at high temperatures, releasing large amounts of energy.
62. Which of the following is true about the mass of deuterium compared to protium?
- a) Deuterium is twice as heavy as protium.
- b) Deuterium is the same mass as protium.
- c) Deuterium is lighter than protium.
- d) Deuterium is three times heavier than protium.
Answer: a) Deuterium is twice as heavy as protium.
Explanation:
Deuterium has one neutron in addition to the proton, making it about twice as heavy as protium, which has no neutrons.
63. Which isotope of hydrogen is used in nuclear fusion research because of its ability to easily undergo fusion at relatively low temperatures?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Helium-3
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is used in nuclear fusion research because it fuses at relatively lower temperatures than other isotopes, making it ideal for fusion experiments.
64. What happens to the atomic number of tritium when it decays?
- a) It increases by 1
- b) It decreases by 1
- c) It remains the same
- d) It becomes zero
Answer: a) It increases by 1
Explanation:
Tritium undergoes beta decay, in which a neutron is converted into a proton, increasing the atomic number from 1 (hydrogen) to 2 (helium).
65. Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for heavy water?
- a) H₂O
- b) D₂O
- c) H₂T
- d) D₂T
Answer: b) D₂O
Explanation:
Heavy water is chemically represented as D₂O, where the hydrogen atoms in water are replaced with deuterium, a heavier isotope of hydrogen.
66. What is the primary difference between deuterium and tritium?
- a) The number of protons
- b) The number of neutrons
- c) The atomic number
- d) The number of electrons
Answer: b) The number of neutrons
Explanation:
Deuterium has one neutron, while tritium has two neutrons. Both have the same number of protons and electrons.
67. Which isotope of hydrogen has the highest neutron-to-proton ratio?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) All have the same ratio
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium has the highest neutron-to-proton ratio (2 neutrons for 1 proton), while deuterium has 1 neutron per proton and protium has no neutrons.
68. Which isotope of hydrogen is most commonly found in water?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) All of these
Answer: a) Protium
Explanation:
Protium, the most abundant isotope of hydrogen, is the most commonly found hydrogen isotope in normal water (H₂O).
69. Which of the following isotopes of hydrogen is used in glow-in-the-dark watches and signs?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is used in luminous watches and signs because its beta radiation can cause phosphorescent materials to glow.
70. The process by which two nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy, is called:
- a) Nuclear fission
- b) Nuclear fusion
- c) Radioactive decay
- d) Ionization
Answer: b) Nuclear fusion
Explanation:
In nuclear fusion, two light nuclei (such as deuterium and tritium) combine to form a heavier nucleus (such as helium), releasing large amounts of energy.
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