51. Which of the following isotopes of hydrogen is used in nuclear fusion research?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
Explanation:
Both deuterium and tritium are used in nuclear fusion research because their nuclei can fuse at high temperatures, releasing significant energy.
52. The energy released in a hydrogen bomb is primarily due to:
- a) Fission of uranium
- b) Fusion of deuterium and tritium
- c) Combustion of hydrogen gas
- d) Electromagnetic radiation
Answer: b) Fusion of deuterium and tritium
Explanation:
The immense energy released in a hydrogen bomb comes from the fusion of deuterium and tritium nuclei, producing helium and energy.
53. Which of the following is not a property of deuterium?
- a) It is stable.
- b) It has one neutron.
- c) It is radioactive.
- d) It can be used to produce heavy water.
Answer: c) It is radioactive.
Explanation:
Deuterium is a stable isotope of hydrogen. It is not radioactive, unlike tritium.
54. Which isotope of hydrogen is used to trace the flow of water in environmental studies?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is used as a tracer to track water movement in hydrological and environmental studies due to its radioactive properties.
55. Which of the following processes does not involve the use of deuterium?
- a) Nuclear fusion
- b) Neutron moderation in reactors
- c) Radioactive dating
- d) Chemical reaction studies
Answer: c) Radioactive dating
Explanation:
Deuterium is not used in radioactive dating. It is stable, unlike radioactive isotopes such as carbon-14, which are used for dating.
56. Which of the following elements is required to produce tritium in a nuclear reactor?
- a) Helium
- b) Lithium
- c) Hydrogen
- d) Carbon
Answer: b) Lithium
Explanation:
Tritium is produced in nuclear reactors by bombarding lithium-6 with neutrons, resulting in the formation of tritium and helium.
57. What is the main use of heavy water in nuclear reactors?
- a) Fuel
- b) Moderator
- c) Coolant
- d) Radiation shield
Answer: b) Moderator
Explanation:
Heavy water (D₂O) is used as a neutron moderator in nuclear reactors to slow down fast neutrons, allowing them to sustain the fission chain reaction.
58. Which of the following isotopes of hydrogen is naturally stable?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Both a and b
Answer: d) Both a and b
Explanation:
Both protium and deuterium are stable isotopes of hydrogen. Tritium, on the other hand, is radioactive.
59. What is the most common isotope of hydrogen found in the universe?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: a) Protium
Explanation:
Protium (¹H), which has no neutrons, is by far the most abundant isotope of hydrogen in the universe, making up over 99.98% of hydrogen.
60. Which of the following statements about heavy water is correct?
- a) It contains tritium.
- b) It is used as a fuel in nuclear reactors.
- c) It is used as a moderator in some nuclear reactors.
- d) It contains helium.
Answer: c) It is used as a moderator in some nuclear reactors.
Explanation:
Heavy water (D₂O) contains deuterium and is used as a neutron moderator in some nuclear reactors, particularly in CANDU reactors.
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