41. Which of the following isotopes of hydrogen is often used in chemical reaction studies to observe kinetic isotope effects?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: b) Deuterium
Explanation:
Deuterium is used in chemical studies to observe kinetic isotope effects because its heavier mass compared to protium leads to measurable differences in reaction rates.
42. Which of the following isotopes of hydrogen is the heaviest?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is the heaviest isotope of hydrogen, with one proton and two neutrons, giving it a mass of approximately 3 atomic mass units (amu).
43. Tritium is primarily used in:
- a) Fossil fuel combustion
- b) Radioactive tracers and thermonuclear reactions
- c) Solar power generation
- d) Photosynthesis experiments
Answer: b) Radioactive tracers and thermonuclear reactions
Explanation:
Tritium is used in biological research as a radioactive tracer and also in thermonuclear reactions due to its ability to release large amounts of energy upon fusion.
44. Which isotope of hydrogen is used to make heavy water?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Helium
Answer: b) Deuterium
Explanation:
Heavy water (D₂O) contains deuterium instead of protium. It is used in certain types of nuclear reactors as a moderator.
45. Which of the following isotopes of hydrogen can be used for energy production through fusion?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
Explanation:
Both deuterium and tritium are used in fusion reactions, where they combine at extremely high temperatures to form helium, releasing a large amount of energy.
46. Which isotope of hydrogen is produced in nuclear reactors and used in hydrogen bombs?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is produced in nuclear reactors and used in hydrogen bombs to enhance the fusion reaction and boost explosive power.
47. What is the approximate half-life of tritium?
- a) 10 years
- b) 12.32 years
- c) 15 years
- d) 20 years
Answer: b) 12.32 years
Explanation:
Tritium has a half-life of approximately 12.32 years. It decays via beta emission into helium-3.
48. Which of the following is true about deuterium oxide (D₂O)?
- a) It is lighter than normal water.
- b) It has different physical properties from normal water.
- c) It is highly reactive with normal water.
- d) It has the same physical and chemical properties as normal water.
Answer: b) It has different physical properties from normal water.
Explanation:
Deuterium oxide (D₂O), or heavy water, has a higher density and boiling point compared to normal water (H₂O) because deuterium is heavier than protium.
49. Which isotope of hydrogen is present in the lowest abundance on Earth?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is extremely rare in nature, occurring in very small amounts. Protium is the most abundant, followed by deuterium.
50. Which of the following reactions is used to produce tritium?
- a) Lithium-6 neutron bombardment
- b) Carbon-12 fusion
- c) Proton-proton chain
- d) Electron capture by deuterium
Answer: a) Lithium-6 neutron bombardment
Explanation:
Tritium is produced by bombarding lithium-6 with neutrons, which results in the formation of tritium and helium-4.
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