31. Which of the following describes the emission in tritium decay?
- a) Alpha particle
- b) Beta particle
- c) Gamma ray
- d) Neutron
Answer: b) Beta particle
Explanation:
Tritium decays by emitting a beta particle (an electron), converting one of its neutrons into a proton, which changes tritium into helium-3.
32. Which isotope of hydrogen has an atomic mass of approximately 2 amu?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: b) Deuterium
Explanation:
Deuterium has an atomic mass of about 2 atomic mass units (amu) because its nucleus contains one proton and one neutron, each contributing approximately 1 amu.
33. What is the symbol for tritium?
- a) ²H
- b) ³H
- c) ⁴H
- d) T
Answer: b) ³H
Explanation:
Tritium is represented by the symbol ³H, indicating it has one proton and two neutrons in its nucleus. Sometimes, tritium is also denoted as “T” in casual references.
34. Which isotope of hydrogen is used in luminous paints for self-powered lighting?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) All of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is used in luminous paints, such as those used in watch dials, as it emits low-energy beta particles that interact with phosphors to produce light.
35. How many neutrons are present in deuterium?
- a) 0
- b) 1
- c) 2
- d) 3
Answer: b) 1
Explanation:
Deuterium (²H) has one neutron in its nucleus, in addition to one proton.
36. Which isotope of hydrogen has the longest half-life?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) They all have the same half-life
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium has a half-life of about 12.32 years. Protium and deuterium are stable isotopes and do not undergo radioactive decay, so they do not have half-lives.
37. Which isotope of hydrogen is most suitable for studying isotopic effects in chemical reactions?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Helium
Answer: b) Deuterium
Explanation:
Deuterium is often used in studies of isotopic effects because its mass is about twice that of protium, leading to observable differences in reaction rates and other properties in chemical reactions.
38. Which isotope of hydrogen is used in thermonuclear reactions?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
Explanation:
Both deuterium and tritium are used in thermonuclear (fusion) reactions, where their nuclei fuse at high temperatures to form helium and release energy.
39. In the laboratory, tritium can be produced by bombarding lithium with:
- a) Alpha particles
- b) Protons
- c) Neutrons
- d) Electrons
Answer: c) Neutrons
Explanation:
Tritium is produced in nuclear reactors by bombarding lithium-6 with neutrons, which results in the formation of tritium and helium-4.
40. Which isotope of hydrogen is also called hydrogen-1?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: a) Protium
Explanation:
Protium is also known as hydrogen-1 because it has a mass number of 1, consisting of one proton and no neutrons.
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