21. Which of the following describes the main difference between isotopes of hydrogen?
- a) The number of protons
- b) The number of neutrons
- c) The number of electrons
- d) The number of energy levels
Answer: b) The number of neutrons
Explanation:
The difference between isotopes of hydrogen lies in the number of neutrons in their nuclei. Protium has no neutrons, deuterium has one neutron, and tritium has two neutrons.
22. Which of the following isotopes is stable?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Both protium and deuterium
- d) Tritium
Answer: c) Both protium and deuterium
Explanation:
Both protium (¹H) and deuterium (²H) are stable isotopes of hydrogen. Tritium (³H) is radioactive and undergoes beta decay.
23. Which of the following isotopes of hydrogen is radioactive?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is radioactive and decays by emitting a beta particle. Protium and deuterium are stable isotopes.
24. In which of the following processes is deuterium commonly used?
- a) Beta decay
- b) Nuclear fission
- c) Nuclear fusion
- d) Radioactive decay
Answer: c) Nuclear fusion
Explanation:
Deuterium is often used in nuclear fusion reactions, such as in experimental fusion reactors, to produce helium and release large amounts of energy.
25. Which isotope of hydrogen is most commonly used in nuclear weapons?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is used in thermonuclear (hydrogen) bombs to enhance the fusion reaction, often in combination with deuterium.
26. Which of the following best describes heavy water?
- a) Water with extra hydrogen atoms
- b) Water containing deuterium instead of protium
- c) Water containing tritium
- d) Water with added neutrons
Answer: b) Water containing deuterium instead of protium
Explanation:
Heavy water (D₂O) contains deuterium, the isotope of hydrogen with one proton and one neutron, in place of protium (ordinary hydrogen).
27. Which property of isotopes changes due to a difference in the number of neutrons?
- a) Chemical properties
- b) Physical properties
- c) Atomic number
- d) Charge
Answer: b) Physical properties
Explanation:
Isotopes have different physical properties due to the difference in their mass (caused by the different number of neutrons). Their chemical properties remain almost identical because they have the same number of protons and electrons.
28. Tritium is used in which of the following applications?
- a) Fuel for internal combustion engines
- b) Radioactive tracers in biological experiments
- c) Manufacturing glass
- d) Solar panels
Answer: b) Radioactive tracers in biological experiments
Explanation:
Tritium is used as a radioactive tracer in biological and chemical research due to its ability to emit beta radiation, which can be tracked in various processes.
29. Which of the following isotopes of hydrogen is the lightest?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) They all have the same mass
Answer: a) Protium
Explanation:
Protium (¹H) is the lightest isotope of hydrogen because it has no neutrons. Deuterium (²H) has one neutron, and tritium (³H) has two neutrons, making them heavier.
30. Which isotope of hydrogen is found in nature in the smallest amount?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) All are found in equal amounts
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium is extremely rare in nature and is mostly produced artificially in nuclear reactions. Protium is the most abundant, followed by deuterium.
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