11. Which of the following correctly represents the isotopic composition of hydrogen?
- a) ¹H, ²H, ³H
- b) ¹H, ³He, ²He
- c) ¹H, ²He, ³He
- d) ¹H, ²H, ³He
Answer: a) ¹H, ²H, ³H
Explanation:
Hydrogen has three isotopes: protium (¹H), deuterium (²H), and tritium (³H). Each isotope has the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
12. In which of the following forms can tritium be found?
- a) Naturally occurring in large quantities
- b) Produced in nuclear reactors
- c) A stable isotope of hydrogen
- d) As a component of natural gas
Answer: b) Produced in nuclear reactors
Explanation:
Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that is produced artificially in nuclear reactors or during nuclear weapon tests. It is not found in large quantities in nature.
13. Which of the following isotopes of hydrogen is used as a tracer in biological experiments?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium, being radioactive, is commonly used as a tracer in biological and chemical experiments to track the movement of molecules.
14. Which property of isotopes makes them chemically identical?
- a) Same mass number
- b) Same number of protons
- c) Same number of neutrons
- d) Same number of nucleons
Answer: b) Same number of protons
Explanation:
Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons and electrons, giving them identical chemical properties. The difference lies in their number of neutrons, affecting their mass and nuclear properties.
15. Which of the following statements is true about tritium?
- a) It is stable.
- b) It has two neutrons.
- c) It has no neutrons.
- d) It is used in light water reactors.
Answer: b) It has two neutrons
Explanation:
Tritium (³H) has one proton and two neutrons in its nucleus. It is radioactive and decays via beta decay. Tritium is not stable, unlike protium and deuterium.
16. Deuterium is used in which type of fusion reaction?
- a) Proton-proton chain
- b) Deuterium-deuterium fusion
- c) Carbon-nitrogen cycle
- d) Helium burning
Answer: b) Deuterium-deuterium fusion
Explanation:
In deuterium-deuterium fusion, two deuterium nuclei fuse to form helium or tritium, releasing energy. This process occurs at extremely high temperatures and pressures, such as in stars.
17. What is the difference in the number of neutrons between protium and tritium?
- a) 1
- b) 2
- c) 3
- d) 4
Answer: b) 2
Explanation:
Protium (¹H) has no neutrons, while tritium (³H) has two neutrons. The difference in their neutron count is 2.
18. Which isotope of hydrogen has the highest atomic mass?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) All isotopes have the same atomic mass
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium has the highest atomic mass (³H) because it has two neutrons in addition to one proton, making it heavier than both protium (¹H) and deuterium (²H).
19. Which isotope of hydrogen is most commonly found in nature?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Equal amounts of all
Answer: a) Protium
Explanation:
Protium (¹H) is the most common isotope of hydrogen, making up more than 99.98% of hydrogen found in nature.
20. Which of the following isotopes is used in nuclear reactors to moderate neutrons?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Helium
Answer: b) Deuterium
Explanation:
Deuterium, in the form of heavy water (D₂O), is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron moderator to slow down fast neutrons and maintain the chain reaction.
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