1. Which isotope of hydrogen is the most stable and abundant?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) All are equally abundant
Answer: a) Protium
Explanation:
Protium is the most stable and abundant isotope of hydrogen, constituting over 99.98% of the hydrogen found in nature. Deuterium is much less abundant, and tritium is rare and radioactive.
2. The nucleus of deuterium is also known as:
- a) Deutron
- b) Proton
- c) Triton
- d) Neutron
Answer: a) Deutron
Explanation:
The nucleus of deuterium, consisting of one proton and one neutron, is called a deuteron. Protium’s nucleus is just a proton, and triton refers to the nucleus of tritium.
3. Tritium undergoes which type of radioactive decay?
- a) Alpha decay
- b) Beta decay
- c) Gamma decay
- d) None of these
Answer: b) Beta decay
Explanation:
Tritium decays by beta decay, where a neutron is converted into a proton, releasing an electron (beta particle) and an antineutrino.
4. Which isotope of hydrogen is used in heavy water (D₂O)?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: b) Deuterium
Explanation:
Heavy water (D₂O) is water in which the protium (H) atoms are replaced with deuterium (D), which is an isotope of hydrogen that contains one neutron.
5. The half-life of tritium is approximately:
- a) 5 years
- b) 10 years
- c) 12.3 years
- d) 20 years
Answer: c) 12.3 years
Explanation:
Tritium has a half-life of about 12.3 years, after which half of a given sample of tritium will have decayed into helium-3 through beta decay.
6. Which isotope of hydrogen is commonly used as a tracer in biochemical studies?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: c) Tritium
Explanation:
Tritium, due to its radioactive properties, is used as a tracer in biochemical and medical studies, allowing researchers to track the movement of hydrogen atoms in biological systems.
7. The presence of deuterium in water makes it:
- a) Less dense than normal water
- b) More dense than normal water
- c) Lighter than normal water
- d) No effect on density
Answer: b) More dense than normal water
Explanation:
Heavy water (D₂O) is denser than regular water (H₂O) because deuterium atoms are heavier than protium atoms due to the presence of a neutron in the nucleus.
What is the chemical symbol for heavy water?
- a) H₂O
- b) D₂O
- c) T₂O
- d) H₃O
Answer: b) D₂O
Explanation:
Heavy water is composed of two deuterium atoms and one oxygen atom, and its chemical formula is D₂O. It is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron moderator.
Which of the following isotopes of hydrogen is used in hydrogen bombs?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
Explanation:
Both deuterium and tritium are used in hydrogen bombs to fuel nuclear fusion reactions, which release a large amount of energy. Protium is not used in such reactions.
8. The nucleus of deuterium is also known as:
- a) Deutron
- b) Proton
- c) Neutron
- d) Triton
Answer: a) Deutron
Explanation:
The nucleus of deuterium, consisting of one proton and one neutron, is called a deuteron. A proton is the nucleus of protium, and a triton is the nucleus of tritium.
9. Tritium undergoes which type of radioactive decay?
- a) Alpha decay
- b) Beta decay
- c) Gamma decay
- d) Neutron emission
Answer: b) Beta decay
Explanation:
Tritium undergoes beta decay, where a neutron in its nucleus is converted into a proton, and an electron (beta particle) is emitted. This transforms tritium into helium-3.
10. Which isotope of hydrogen is used in heavy water (D₂O)?
- a) Protium
- b) Deuterium
- c) Tritium
- d) None of these
Answer: b) Deuterium
Explanation:
Heavy water (D₂O) contains deuterium, the isotope of hydrogen with one proton and one neutron. It is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron moderator.
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