Q51. The enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of lactose is:
(a) Lactase
(b) Sucrase
(c) Amylase
(d) Maltase
Answer: (a) Lactase
Explanation: Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down lactose, a disaccharide, into its monosaccharide components, glucose and galactose.
Q52. Which of the following polysaccharides is used as an energy source in fungi?
(a) Glycogen
(b) Cellulose
(c) Chitin
(d) Amylose
Answer: (a) Glycogen
Explanation: Fungi store energy in the form of glycogen, just like animals. Glycogen is a branched polysaccharide that serves as a short-term energy reserve.
Q53. Which of the following amino acids contains sulfur?
(a) Glycine
(b) Serine
(c) Methionine
(d) Alanine
Answer: (c) Methionine
Explanation: Methionine is an essential amino acid that contains sulfur in its side chain, making it important for protein synthesis and methylation reactions.
Q54. Which of the following proteins functions as an enzyme inhibitor?
(a) Collagen
(b) Trypsin
(c) Pepsin
(d) Antitrypsin
Answer: (d) Antitrypsin
Explanation: Antitrypsin is a protein that inhibits the enzyme trypsin and other proteases, preventing tissue damage during inflammation.
Q55. The protein responsible for muscle contraction is:
(a) Actin
(b) Hemoglobin
(c) Albumin
(d) Fibrinogen
Answer: (a) Actin
Explanation: Actin, along with myosin, is responsible for muscle contraction. These proteins interact to cause the shortening of muscle fibers.
Q56. Which of the following is not a property of enzymes?
(a) They are proteins.
(b) They are catalysts.
(c) They are consumed during reactions.
(d) They are specific to substrates.
Answer: (c) They are consumed during reactions.
Explanation: Enzymes are not consumed in the reactions they catalyze. They facilitate reactions and can be used repeatedly.
Q57. The deficiency of which amino acid causes pellagra?
(a) Lysine
(b) Tryptophan
(c) Glycine
(d) Leucine
Answer: (b) Tryptophan
Explanation: Pellagra is caused by a deficiency in niacin (Vitamin B3), which can also result from a deficiency of tryptophan, as tryptophan is a precursor for niacin synthesis.
Q58. Which of the following vitamins plays a major role in calcium metabolism?
(a) Vitamin K
(b) Vitamin B12
(c) Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin A
Answer: (c) Vitamin D
Explanation: Vitamin D facilitates calcium absorption in the intestines and is essential for maintaining proper bone health.
Q59. Vitamin C deficiency leads to which of the following conditions?
(a) Scurvy
(b) Rickets
(c) Anemia
(d) Pellagra
Answer: (a) Scurvy
Explanation: Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C, leading to symptoms such as bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and joint pain.
Q60. Which vitamin is essential for vision and the proper functioning of the immune system?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin E
(d) Vitamin D
Answer: (a) Vitamin A
Explanation: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision (especially in low light) and is also involved in immune function and cellular communication.
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