Chemistry MCQ with Answer Explanation : Carbohydrates, Proteins, Vitamins and Nucleic Acid.

Q41. Night blindness is a symptom of deficiency of which vitamin?

(a) Vitamin B12
(b) Vitamin A
(c) Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin K

Answer: (b) Vitamin A

Explanation: Vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness, where the ability to see in low light is impaired. This vitamin is essential for the production of rhodopsin, a pigment in the retina.

Q42. Which vitamin is also known as tocopherol?

(a) Vitamin C
(b) Vitamin A
(c) Vitamin E
(d) Vitamin B6

Answer: (c) Vitamin E

Explanation: Vitamin E, also known as tocopherol, is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage.

Q43. Beriberi is caused by the deficiency of:

(a) Vitamin B1
(b) Vitamin B6
(c) Vitamin B12
(d) Vitamin C

Answer: (a) Vitamin B1

Explanation: Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine). It affects the cardiovascular and nervous systems, leading to weakness and heart failure in severe cases.

Q44. Which of the following is required for the absorption of calcium in the body?

(a) Vitamin B12
(b) Vitamin D
(c) Vitamin E
(d) Vitamin A

Answer: (b) Vitamin D

Explanation: Vitamin D enhances the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract, playing a key role in bone formation and maintenance.

Q45. The deficiency of which vitamin can lead to pernicious anemia?

(a) Vitamin B12
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin B6
(d) Vitamin A

Answer: (a) Vitamin B12

Explanation: Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12. It leads to impaired red blood cell production and nervous system issues.

Q46. Which of the following is not a purine base found in nucleic acids?

(a) Adenine
(b) Guanine
(c) Cytosine
(d) Thymine

Answer: (c) Cytosine

Explanation: Adenine and guanine are purine bases, while cytosine, thymine (DNA), and uracil (RNA) are pyrimidine bases.

Q47. The process of copying DNA into RNA is known as:

(a) Translation
(b) Transcription
(c) Replication
(d) Transformation

Answer: (b) Transcription

Explanation: Transcription is the process by which the genetic information encoded in DNA is copied into a complementary RNA molecule.

Q48. The sugar present in RNA is:

(a) Deoxyribose
(b) Ribose
(c) Glucose
(d) Sucrose

Answer: (b) Ribose

Explanation: RNA contains ribose, a five-carbon sugar. In contrast, DNA contains deoxyribose, which lacks one oxygen atom.

Q49. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

(a) mRNA
(b) tRNA
(c) rRNA
(d) snRNA

Answer: (b) tRNA

Explanation: Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, where the amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Q50. The major storage form of carbohydrates in plants is:

(a) Glycogen
(b) Starch
(c) Cellulose
(d) Sucrose

Answer: (b) Starch

Explanation: Starch is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in plants. It is composed of two polysaccharides: amylose and amylopectin.