91. Which of the following compounds is a feature of carboxylic acids?
a) They have a strong basic nature.
b) They contain a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group.
c) They are insoluble in water.
d) They are highly volatile.
Answer: b) They contain a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group.
Explanation: Carboxylic acids contain both a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH), which gives them their acidic properties.
92. Which of the following is a reaction type that involves the loss of a molecule from a saturated compound?
a) Addition
b) Elimination
c) Substitution
d) Rearrangement
Answer: b) Elimination
Explanation: Elimination reactions involve the loss of a small molecule (such as water or hydrogen halide) from a saturated compound, forming a double or triple bond.
93. What type of reaction occurs when a compound reacts with an oxidizing agent?
a) Reduction
b) Substitution
c) Oxidation
d) Hydrolysis
Answer: c) Oxidation
Explanation: The reaction of a compound with an oxidizing agent results in oxidation, which involves an increase in oxidation state.
94. Which of the following compounds has the lowest pKa value?
a) Acetic acid
b) Formic acid
c) Propanoic acid
d) Butanoic acid
Answer: b) Formic acid
Explanation: Formic acid has the lowest pKa value among the given options, indicating it is the strongest acid.
95. Which of the following can be used to prepare alcohols?
a) Reduction of aldehydes
b) Reduction of ketones
c) Hydrolysis of alkyl halides
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Alcohols can be prepared by the reduction of aldehydes and ketones, as well as by the hydrolysis of alkyl halides.
96. Which of the following statements about alkanes is true?
a) They are all gaseous at room temperature.
b) They are saturated hydrocarbons.
c) They are very reactive.
d) They contain at least one double bond.
Answer: b) They are saturated hydrocarbons.
Explanation: Alkanes are characterized as saturated hydrocarbons due to their only containing single bonds between carbon atoms.
97. Which of the following compounds can form hydrogen bonds?
a) Ethane
b) Propanol
c) Cyclopropane
d) Toluene
Answer: b) Propanol
Explanation: Propanol can form hydrogen bonds due to the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) group, which is capable of hydrogen bonding with other molecules.
98. Which of the following reactions produces alkenes?
a) Halogenation
b) Dehydrogenation
c) Hydration
d) Hydrogenation
Answer: b) Dehydrogenation
Explanation: Dehydrogenation involves the removal of hydrogen from a saturated hydrocarbon, resulting in the formation of an alkene.
99. What is the main product of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?
a) Ether
b) Ester
c) Aldehyde
d) Ketone
Answer: b) Ester
Explanation: The reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol produces an ester through the process of esterification.
100. Which of the following compounds is a strong acid?
a) Water
b) Ethanol
c) Acetic acid
d) Hydrochloric acid
Answer: d) Hydrochloric acid
Explanation: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid that completely dissociates in water, making it much stronger than the other options listed.
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