71. Which of the following is the primary cause of soil salinization?
A) Overgrazing
B) Deforestation
C) Over-irrigation
D) Mining activities
Answer: C) Over-irrigation
Explanation:
Soil salinization occurs when excessive irrigation or poor drainage leads to the accumulation of salts in the soil. This reduces the soil’s fertility and can severely affect agricultural productivity. It is especially common in arid and semi-arid regions.
72. Which of the following is the main pollutant responsible for the formation of acid rain?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
C) Methane
D) Ozone
Answer: B) Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
Explanation:
Acid rain is primarily caused by the release of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) into the atmosphere, which react with water vapor to form sulfuric and nitric acids. This leads to the acidification of water bodies and soil, harming ecosystems and structures.
73. Which of the following is a common source of indoor air pollution?
A) Natural gas heating systems
B) Hydroponic farming
C) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
D) Solar panels
Answer: A) Natural gas heating systems
Explanation:
Natural gas heating systems can be a source of indoor air pollution, particularly if they are not properly ventilated. They release pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, which can adversely affect indoor air quality.
74. Which of the following gases is known as a potent greenhouse gas and a contributor to global warming?
A) Nitrogen
B) Water vapor
C) Methane
D) Argon
Answer: C) Methane
Explanation:
Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas, with a much higher global warming potential than carbon dioxide. It is released from sources such as agriculture (particularly livestock), landfills, and the extraction of fossil fuels.
75. Which of the following is a significant consequence of deforestation?
A) Increased soil fertility
B) Decreased biodiversity
C) Increased carbon sequestration
D) Reduced soil erosion
Answer: B) Decreased biodiversity
Explanation:
Deforestation leads to the destruction of habitats, causing a loss of biodiversity. Many species rely on forest ecosystems for shelter and food, and their populations decline when forests are cleared for agriculture, urbanization, or other purposes.
76. Which of the following types of pollution is most commonly caused by agricultural pesticides?
A) Water pollution
B) Noise pollution
C) Thermal pollution
D) Light pollution
Answer: A) Water pollution
Explanation:
Agricultural pesticides can run off into nearby water bodies, causing water pollution. These chemicals contaminate surface and groundwater, negatively affecting aquatic life, ecosystems, and human health.
77. Which of the following practices can help mitigate climate change?
A) Increasing the use of fossil fuels
B) Deforestation
C) Adopting renewable energy sources
D) Increasing industrial emissions
Answer: C) Adopting renewable energy sources
Explanation:
Switching to renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, reduces the reliance on fossil fuels, thereby lowering greenhouse gas emissions. This helps mitigate climate change and reduces the impact of global warming.
78. Which of the following is a major source of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions?
A) Wind turbines
B) Solar panels
C) Motor vehicles
D) Geothermal plants
Answer: C) Motor vehicles
Explanation:
Motor vehicles, especially those using fossil fuels, are a major source of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. CO is a colorless, odorless gas that is harmful to human health and can cause serious respiratory issues when inhaled in large amounts.
79. Which of the following is used to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants?
A) Electrostatic precipitators
B) Scrubbers
C) Catalytic converters
D) Bioreactors
Answer: B) Scrubbers
Explanation:
Scrubbers are used in power plants to reduce sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions by using a liquid to capture and neutralize the gas before it is released into the atmosphere. This helps control air pollution and prevent acid rain.
80. Which of the following types of pollutants is most associated with agricultural runoff?
A) Heavy metals
B) Pesticides and fertilizers
C) Hydrocarbons
D) Carbon monoxide
Answer: B) Pesticides and fertilizers
Explanation:
Agricultural runoff commonly contains pesticides and fertilizers, which can contaminate nearby water bodies. The excessive use of these chemicals leads to nutrient pollution, eutrophication, and the degradation of aquatic ecosystems.
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