61. The harmful effects of which of the following pollutants can be reduced by phytoremediation?
A) Radioactive substances
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Heavy metals
D) Nitrogen oxides
Answer: C) Heavy metals
Explanation:
Phytoremediation is a technique that uses plants to absorb and detoxify pollutants, particularly heavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium, from contaminated soils and water. This method is eco-friendly and cost-effective.
62. Which of the following contributes to indoor air pollution in urban areas?
A) Burning biomass
B) Using air conditioners
C) Smoking
D) Using fluorescent lights
Answer: C) Smoking
Explanation:
Smoking is a significant contributor to indoor air pollution in urban areas, as it releases harmful chemicals, including tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can adversely affect human health.
63. Which of the following can be a natural cause of air pollution?
A) Forest fires
B) Fossil fuel combustion
C) Vehicle emissions
D) Industrial activities
Answer: A) Forest fires
Explanation:
Forest fires are a natural source of air pollution, releasing large amounts of particulate matter, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere. They contribute to poor air quality and can have significant ecological impacts.
64. Which of the following greenhouse gases has the highest global warming potential?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Methane
C) Nitrous oxide
D) Water vapor
Answer: C) Nitrous oxide
Explanation:
Nitrous oxide (N₂O) has a much higher global warming potential than carbon dioxide and methane. Although it is present in smaller quantities, it is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to both global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer.
65. Which of the following is a major source of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions?
A) Industrial waste
B) Deforestation
C) Agricultural activities
D) Vehicular emissions
Answer: C) Agricultural activities
Explanation:
Agricultural activities, particularly the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers, are a major source of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. N₂O is released during the breakdown of fertilizers and organic matter in soils, contributing to both global warming and ozone depletion.
66. Which of the following is a primary method used to reduce water pollution from industrial wastewater?
A) Carbon capture
B) Distillation
C) Effluent treatment plants
D) Electrolysis
Answer: C) Effluent treatment plants
Explanation:
Effluent treatment plants (ETPs) are designed to treat industrial wastewater before it is discharged into water bodies. They remove pollutants, such as heavy metals, chemicals, and organic waste, ensuring that the water meets environmental standards.
67. Which of the following air pollutants can impair visibility and cause respiratory problems?
A) Ozone
B) Particulate matter (PM)
C) Methane
D) Nitrogen gas
Answer: B) Particulate matter (PM)
Explanation:
Particulate matter (PM), especially PM2.5 and PM10, can impair visibility, causing haze, and penetrate deep into the lungs, leading to respiratory issues, cardiovascular problems, and even premature death. It is a major component of urban air pollution.
68. What is the main environmental concern associated with the overuse of chemical fertilizers?
A) Soil acidification
B) Global warming
C) Ozone depletion
D) Ocean acidification
Answer: A) Soil acidification
Explanation:
The overuse of chemical fertilizers can lead to soil acidification, where the soil’s pH decreases due to the accumulation of nitrogen compounds. This negatively affects soil health and reduces its fertility, making it less suitable for plant growth.
69. Which of the following methods is used to reduce noise pollution in urban areas?
A) Planting vegetation along highways
B) Using more vehicles
C) Reducing green spaces
D) Increasing industrial activities
Answer: A) Planting vegetation along highways
Explanation:
Planting trees and vegetation along highways and in urban areas can help absorb sound and act as a buffer, reducing noise pollution. Trees and plants also improve air quality and provide aesthetic benefits to urban environments.
70. Which of the following is the most effective way to manage plastic waste?
A) Open burning
B) Recycling
C) Dumping in landfills
D) Incineration
Answer: B) Recycling
Explanation:
Recycling plastic waste is the most effective and environmentally friendly method of managing it. It reduces the need for new plastic production, lowers energy consumption, and prevents plastic from ending up in landfills or oceans, where it can cause environmental damage.
Leave a comment