51. Which of the following practices can reduce soil erosion?
A) Overgrazing
B) Deforestation
C) Afforestation
D) Intensive farming
Answer: C) Afforestation
Explanation:
Afforestation involves planting trees and vegetation in areas where there were no previous forests. This practice helps reduce soil erosion by stabilizing the soil with roots, increasing water absorption, and reducing the velocity of surface runoff.
52. The process of converting waste materials into reusable materials is known as:
A) Incineration
B) Composting
C) Recycling
D) Landfilling
Answer: C) Recycling
Explanation:
Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new products to prevent waste, reduce the consumption of raw materials, and minimize pollution. This helps conserve resources and reduce the environmental impact of waste disposal.
53. Which of the following pollutants can cause the phenomenon of biomagnification in aquatic food chains?
A) Plastic
B) Heavy metals
C) Oxygen
D) Carbon dioxide
Answer: B) Heavy metals
Explanation:
Heavy metals like mercury, lead, and cadmium can bioaccumulate in organisms and biomagnify as they move up the food chain, leading to higher concentrations in predators, including humans. This can cause serious health problems in both aquatic life and humans.
54. Which of the following is the main source of particulate pollution in urban areas?
A) Vehicle emissions
B) Forest fires
C) Volcanic eruptions
D) Agricultural practices
Answer: A) Vehicle emissions
Explanation:
In urban areas, vehicles are a significant source of particulate matter pollution, particularly PM2.5 and PM10. These fine particles can be inhaled, leading to respiratory issues, cardiovascular diseases, and other health problems.
55. The Ganga Action Plan was initiated to address which type of pollution?
A) Soil pollution
B) Air pollution
C) Water pollution
D) Noise pollution
Answer: C) Water pollution
Explanation:
The Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1986 with the aim of cleaning the Ganges River by reducing pollution, particularly from untreated sewage, industrial waste, and religious offerings. It focused on improving the water quality of the river, which is crucial for millions of people.
56. Which of the following pollutants is most responsible for depleting the ozone layer?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Nitrogen dioxide
C) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
D) Sulfur dioxide
Answer: C) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Explanation:
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) release chlorine atoms when they are broken down by ultraviolet light in the stratosphere. These chlorine atoms destroy ozone molecules, leading to the depletion of the ozone layer, which protects Earth from harmful UV radiation.
57. Which of the following is a major source of sulfur dioxide pollution?
A) Automobiles
B) Fossil fuel combustion in power plants
C) Deforestation
D) Agriculture
Answer: B) Fossil fuel combustion in power plants
Explanation:
Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is primarily produced from the combustion of fossil fuels, especially coal and oil, in power plants and industrial facilities. It contributes to acid rain, respiratory problems, and environmental damage.
58. Which of the following contributes most to the greenhouse effect?
A) Methane
B) Nitrogen
C) Oxygen
D) Argon
Answer: A) Methane
Explanation:
Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas with a much higher global warming potential than carbon dioxide. It is released from sources like agriculture, landfills, and natural gas extraction, contributing significantly to global warming.
59. Which of the following can be an adverse effect of deforestation?
A) Increase in biodiversity
B) Soil erosion
C) Increase in soil fertility
D) Control of floods
Answer: B) Soil erosion
Explanation:
Deforestation removes the vegetation that stabilizes the soil, making it more vulnerable to erosion by wind and water. This leads to the loss of fertile topsoil, reduced agricultural productivity, and increased sedimentation in rivers and lakes.
60. Which of the following is used to remove particulate matter from industrial emissions?
A) Catalytic converters
B) Electrostatic precipitators
C) Scrubbers
D) Activated carbon
Answer: B) Electrostatic precipitators
Explanation:
Electrostatic precipitators are devices that remove particulate matter from industrial emissions by using electrical charges. They attract and collect particles, preventing them from being released into the atmosphere and reducing air pollution.
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