Here below some basic MCQ’s about “cell cycle and cell division” with answer which is explained in details. Let’s check one by one which is given below.
Question 1
Which of the following phases of the cell cycle is characterized by the duplication of DNA?
A) G1 Phase
B) S Phase
C) G2 Phase
D) M Phase
Answer: B) S Phase
Explanation: The S (Synthesis) Phase is where DNA replication occurs, leading to the duplication of the cell’s genetic material in preparation for cell division.
Question 2
During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
Answer: C) Anaphase
Explanation: In Anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move toward opposite poles, ensuring that each daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.
Question 3
What is the main purpose of the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?
A) To ensure DNA is replicated accurately
B) To prevent cells from dividing when conditions are unfavorable
C) To check for spindle fiber attachment
D) To initiate cytokinesis
Answer: B) To prevent cells from dividing when conditions are unfavorable
Explanation: The G1 checkpoint assesses whether the cell is ready to enter the S phase. It checks for factors such as cell size, nutrient availability, and DNA integrity. If conditions are not favorable, the cell can enter a resting state (G0).
Question 4
Which of the following events occurs during prophase?
A) Chromosomes align at the equatorial plane
B) Nuclear envelope breaks down
C) Cytokinesis begins
D) DNA is replicated
Answer: B) Nuclear envelope breaks down
Explanation: During prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope disintegrates, allowing the mitotic spindle to interact with the chromosomes.
Question 5
Cytokinesis in animal cells occurs through the formation of a:
A) Cell wall
B) Cleavage furrow
C) Cell plate
D) Centrioles
Answer: B) Cleavage furrow
Explanation: In animal cells, cytokinesis involves the formation of a cleavage furrow, which pinches the cell membrane and divides the cytoplasm into two daughter cells.
Question 6
What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?
A) To provide energy for mitosis
B) To facilitate DNA replication
C) To regulate the progression of the cell cycle
D) To form the mitotic spindle
Answer: C) To regulate the progression of the cell cycle
Explanation: Cyclins are proteins that regulate the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are essential for the transition between different phases of the cell cycle.
Question 7
Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily focused on protein synthesis and cell growth?
A) S Phase
B) G1 Phase
C) G2 Phase
D) M Phase
Answer: B) G1 Phase
Explanation: The G1 phase is primarily for cell growth and the synthesis of proteins necessary for DNA replication.
Question 8
During which phase does the mitotic spindle form?
A) Telophase
B) Metaphase
C) Prophase
D) Anaphase
Answer: C) Prophase
Explanation: The mitotic spindle begins to form during prophase, helping to organize and separate the chromosomes.
Question 9
What is the end result of meiosis?
A) Two diploid cells
B) Four haploid cells
C) One diploid cell
D) Two haploid cells
Answer: B) Four haploid cells
Explanation: Meiosis results in four haploid cells, each with half the chromosome number of the original cell, which is crucial for sexual reproduction.
Question 10
In which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
A) Prophase I
B) Metaphase I
C) Anaphase I
D) Telophase I
Answer: A) Prophase I
Explanation: Crossing over, or genetic recombination, occurs during Prophase I of meiosis, increasing genetic diversity.
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